基于人格结构理论文学解析《夜色温柔》中迪克·戴弗的人格堕落.docx

基于人格结构理论文学解析《夜色温柔》中迪克戴弗的人格堕落 Introduction 0.1 Introduction of F. Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (1896-1940), one of the best writers of the LostGeneration, the speaker of the Jazz Age, and the excellent chronicler of the American1920s, is a brilliant star in American literary circle of the 20thcentury. Although hiswriting career is just about twenty years, Fitzgerald has created five classic novels, 178short stories and many non-fictions, which secure him a permanent place in Americanliterature. His works present vividly and objectively the social morality, life style,spiritual values and cultural characters, revealing the young generation’s disappointmentand disillusionment of the American Dream in a profound way. Henry Steel once saidthat Fitzgerald is "the most gifted of all the novelists of the twenties, the incomparablehistorian of gilded youth, of the jazz age, of the rich and the near rich, of the greatprosperity and the great disillusionment."; (Commager 1950:265)F. Scott Fitzgerald’s life experience is closely related to his literary creation. Hewas born in a middle-class family in St. Paul, Minnesota. His mother Mollie is from aprestigious merchant family in the local place while his father’s failure in business leadsto a hard life for the family, never having a fixed residence. When Fitzgerald was a child,his household was supported by Mollie’s family. Although his family was not rich, helived in the summit avenue section of St. Paul, inhabited by the wealthiest residents ofthe city, which made him feel like an outsider neither belonging to the upper classpeople nor the average civilians. Deeply influenced by these experiences, Fitzgerald haddeveloped a strong desire to ascend to the upper class. Meanwhile, the traditional familyatmosphere provided Fitzgerald with good education in embracing the enlightenment ofliterature and art. His mother often took him to attend the upper class meeting, whichhad great impact on his aesthetic temperament and interest. In addition, his parents knew the significance of good education, so they valued Fitzgerald’s education. At theage of 12, Fitzgerald was sent to a famous private school, St. Paul School, where hepublished his first story The Mystery of the Raymond Mortgage and some other shortstories in the school magazine, and exhibited his aptitude in literary writing. .......... 0.2 Introduction of Tender Is the Night Tender Is the Night is the last novel Fitzgerald has completed. As early as 1925,Fitzgerald shared the plan for this novel with his good friend Maxwell Perkins, to whomhe wrote in a letter: "the happiest thing I have is of my new novel---it is somethingreally New in form, idea, structure, the model for the age that Joyce and Stern aresearching for, that Conrad didn’t find."; (Bruccoli 1995:168) Having such a high spirit ofmaking it the greatest work that had ever been published, it took Fitzgerald nine years tofinish the novel, which was off and on intermittently. During the nine years, the writingplan had been changed too many times, and the final version is rather different fromwhat he wanted to write at the beginning. With the severe impact of the GreatDepression, Tender Is the Night got the cold shoulder after publication, because thetheme of it is not what people were interested in. Nevertheless, many famous writersand critics praised his narrative skills, preeminent imagination and crafty wording. AsErnest Hemingway professed in a letter, "Tender Is the Night is mixed up but absolutelyexcellent. Most of the novel is wonderful; it is a novel that the more you read it, themore interesting you think it is."; (Bruccoli 1994:162) .......... Chapter One Freud’s Structural Theory of Personality Sigmund Freud is a well-known psychiatrist, psychologist and the father ofpsychoanalysis. His psychoanalytical theories, including personality theory, playessential roles in the area of psychoanalysis all over the world in the past and present.Before we discuss the novel Tender Is the Night, it is quite necessary to know somethingabout Freud and his fundamental concepts. 1.1 Introduction of Freud’s Structural Theory of Personality Freud’s psychoanalysis consists of three parts: Instinct Theory, PsychologicalAnatomy and Structural Theory of Personality. The success of Structural Theory ofPersonality results in his long-term clinical working on psychopath. In the early period,Freud believed that there were two parts in our personality, namely consciousness andunconsciousness. Consciousness is a small part as the "surface of the mental apparatus";(Freud 1960:8) that can be sensed and recognized directly. Unconsciousness is "a thinslice of total mind that like an iceberg, the larger part of it existed below the surface ofawareness"; (Hall 1979:54), and it is difficult to sense the activities of unconsciousness.Conscio。