第一讲被动语态.docx

语法讲义（A_A ）Y第一讲被动语态猫在学校被同学打了，很委屈地说:I was beaten by my classmate.这个句子中猫是被打的一方，所以用到了被动语态，这节课我们就来学习一下被动语态的结构与用法从字面上看，"被动语态"也十分好理解，在汉语中，我们要表达被动，只需要加个"被"字就可以了英文中的"被" 需要用"be+过去分词"来表达be动词的形式要根据不同时态而改变我们再来看看刚才的句子：I was beaten by my classmate.我被同学打来结构为：主语+be+过去分词+by+宾语在被动语态里，我们有三个要素：be动词、动词过去分词、by （此部分可省略）这个句子也可以不用被动语态，那么主语和宾语的位置就互换了，比较一下下面两个句子：主动语态：My classmate beat me.被动语态：I was beaten by my classmate.是不是发现my classmate和I（ me ）的位置互换了呢？此外，被动语态使用非常灵活，适用于各个时态给大家列个表格，就能一目了然了我们还常常在带有情态动词的句子中，使用被动语态例如：The question must be answered in English.这个问题必须用英语来回答。

Our homework should be finished by ourselves.我们的作业应该自己完成精讲：―、注意被动语态的不同时态被动语态由"be+过去分词”，其中的助动词be根据情况可使用各种不同时态这句口诀 是"被动语态必有be done，时态在be上体现"也就是说只在"be动词上做文章，过去分词不动”—般过去时的被动语态：助动词was/were done过去进行时的被动语态：助动词was/were being done现在完成时的被动语态：助动词has/have been done—般现在时的被动语态：助动词am/is/are done现在进行时的被动语态：助动词am/is/are being done—般将来时的被动语态：助动词will be done ;助动词am/is/are going to be done注：在以上的带有时态的句子中，否定句和疑问句都在助动词上做文章！也就是说否定句都在助动词后加not, 疑问句把助动词提前就可以了！情态动词的被动语态：can/may/must/could/should be done如：She is respected by everyone.她受到大家的尊重。

一般现在时）The book will be printed soon.这本书很快会重印一般将来时）The road is being repaired.路正在修整现在进行时）The battery hasn' t been charged for a couple of months.电池好几个月没充电了现在完成时）二、 注意哪些动词不用于被动语态不及物动词没有被动语态因为不及物动词没有宾语所以若将其用于被动语态则没有主语故不能用于被动语态 但是值得注意的是，有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是"及物"的，很容易出错，这类动词如take place（发生），happen（发生），break out（爆发），appear（出现），disappear（消失），last（持续），spread 等：Flu usually breaks out in winter.流感通常发生在冬季Knowledge and ideas spread quickly 知识和想法传播得很快三、 注意主动表被动的若干情形：1•某些连系动词（如look，sound， smell，feel，taste，seem等）要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动 词，它们没有被动语态形式。

如：That dog looks dangerous.那只狗看起来很危险My advice proved to be wrong.我的意见证实是错的2•当open，shut，lock，move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义如：The door won' t shut.这门关不上The window won' t lock.这窗户锁不住注：该用法的不及物动词通常与can't ,won't等连用，注意它与用被动语态含义不同:The window won，t shut. 这窗户关不上说明主语的属性一一窗户有问题了）The window won' t be shut.这窗户将不用关上窗户本身没问题，只是不用关上）3•当read , wash , clean , cook , cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主 动形式表示被动意义如：The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗His book doesn' t sell well 他的书不好销This shirt will wear very long.这衬衫可以穿很久。

The parcel carries easily.包裹容易搬运注：该用法通常与well , easily , slowly , quickly , well , easily , slowly等副词连用，并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式，如下面这道题答案是A，而不是C :Books well.A. sell B.sellsC.are sold D.is sold四、感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中的用法主动语态：make/let/hear/see+ sb./sth. do被动语态：sb./sth.+is/are+ made/let/heard/seen+to do［中考真题］考查主动语态与被动语态的区别：1. English in many countries,but Chinese their own language.（2007 山东济南）A. is spoken ； speaksB. speaks ； is spokenC. is spoken ； speakD. is spoken ； is spoken考查常见被动语态的谓语构成：2. Usually computers to search the Internet.（2007 吉林）A.use B.are usingC.are used D.used3. Many trees and flowers in our school last year, and they made our school a beautifulgarden.（2007 重庆）A.plant B.plantedC.have plantedD.were planted4. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week. （2007 天津）A.given B.will be givenC.has been given D.gives5. I don't think sixteen-year-olds should not to go to bars.（2007 辽宁）A.allow B.be allowingC.be allowed D.not allow考查被动语态中不定式的to不能省略的情况：6. The young man was often seen by the lake.（2007 山东济南）A.to draw B.to drawingC.draw D.drew【剖析】1•主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,Chinese作"中国人"解时，单、复数形式相同，句中的Chinese是复数，故选C。

2一般现在时的被动语态是由"am/is/are+过去分词"构成的，故选C3•-般过去时的被动语态是由"was/were+过去分词"构成的，故选D4一般将来时的被动语态是由"will be+过去分词"构成的，故选B5•含有情态动词的被动语态是由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成的，故选C6•在主动语态中，make , hear, see , match等动词跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动语态时， 动词不定式符号to不能省略，故选A各种时态下的被动语态（必背例句）首先，被动语态由be +过去分词构成,be随时态的变化而变化下面我们以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：—般现在时：am/is/are + givenThe first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice and is based on pictures and topics.—般过去时：was/were + givenThese computers were made in our own country.—般将来时：will/shall be + givenShall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?过去将来时：would be + givenThe news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.现在进行时：am/is/are being + givenThe machine is being repaired in the workshop. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now.过去进行时：was/were being + givenThe feast was being prepared when the birds arrived in the sky现在完成时：has/have been + givenSwift progress has also been made in culture and education.过去完成时：had been + givenThe huge bridge had been damaged before the World Warn.将来完成时：will/shall have been + givenThe book will have been published by the end of next month作业1. Since the first space mission, many communication satellites .A. was launched B. are launched C. have been launched D. had been launched2. What kind of advice you?A. has gave B. was gave C. had been given to D. has given3. The slave from morning till。