山西省大学生体质弱势群体现状分析与对策研究.pdf

太原理工大学 硕士学位论文 山西省大学生体质弱势群体现状分析与对策研究 姓名：张和平 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：@ 指导教师：任晋军 @ 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 I 山西省大学生体质弱势群体 现状分析与对策研究 摘 要 大学生是祖国未来发展的顶梁支柱，他们的健康势必影响到祖国未来 的发展，为此，国家为了了解改善大学生的体质健康状况，开始了长达二 十多年体质健康测试但是从测试结果来看，大学生的体质健康状况实在 令人担忧，营养不良肥胖学生越来越多，身体素质下降严重，尤其耐力、 肺活量不及格人数逐渐增多，更为严重的是因生理疾病和心理疾病而导 致的死亡率在明显上升由于国家对大学生招收政策的改变，大学生中病 残学生也随之增多这一部分大学生体质弱势群体非常渴望拥有健康的体 魄鉴于此，本研究对山西省八所老校在校大学生体质弱势群体进行现状 分析，查找原因，希望能给他们提出一条科学、合理的健身之路 本文首先从山西省八所高校大学生在《国家学生体质健康标准》测试 结果中不及格学生和因病或残疾而免测学生确定为体质弱势群体，并对其 的测试结果进行了分析 （这一数据来源于各高校 2009 年上报国家的数据） ， 然后又进行了身体健康状况，因哪些病住院情况，摄入营养情况，生活是 否规律，体育生活方式以及他们所接受的体育教学情况问卷调查。

综合利 用文献资料，对比分析法，专家咨询、学生走访法，数据统计法等方法分 别对不及格体质弱势群体和因病或残疾而免测的群体进行了分析研究 从测试结果来看，山西省大学生体质弱势群体中不及格群体的综合平 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 II 均分为 49.27 分，其中男生为 49.17 分，女生为 49.64 分各测试项目不 及格率男生相对比较均衡， 肺活量相对较高， 为 58.56%， 其余四项均在 40% 左右；女生各项目不及格率落差较大，握力体重指数和 50 米（立定跳远、 立定跳远、 跳绳、 篮球运球、 足球运球、 排球垫球） 分别为 61.56%和 75.00%， 肺活量体重指数和反应耐力的 800 米 （台阶试验） 分别为 28.57%和 14.29% 同时发现男生的营养不良和肥胖比女生要高，是女生的二倍，达到了 41.44%，这是导致男生不及格的主要原因 通过问卷调查发现，山西省大学生体质弱势群体健康状况比较复杂 因病或残疾而免测的体质弱势群体的摄入营养比较均衡，生活比较规律； 而不及格群体比较差 同时发现这一群体整体参加体育锻炼的积极性很差， 有 40%的学生不参加课外体育锻炼， 参加体育锻炼的学生锻炼的次数和锻炼 的时间也很少，这也是导致不及格群体体质健康测试不及格的另一主要原 因。

还发现这一群体在高校所接受的体育教学状况也很不乐观，学校对这 一群体的重视程度不够 针对山西省大学生体质弱势群体的现状， 建议高校大力开展健康讲座， 试行运动处方教学，改善运动场地，对病残学生做到定时体检和健康评定 关键词：大学生体质弱势群体，不及格体质弱势群体，因病或残疾而免测 体质弱势群体，现状，对策研究 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 III CURRENT SITUATION OF DISADVANTAGED COLLEGE STUDENTS IN SHANXI AND COUNTERMEASURES ABSTRACT College students are the pillars of the future development of our country, and whether they are in good health will affect the future development of the country. In order to improve and look into the students’ physical health status, our country has had physical health tests for more than 20 years. From the results of tests, we really worry about the physical health status of students. Malnutrition and obesity appear to more and more students. The students’ physical quality decline seriously, particularly in endurance, lung capacity, and the amount of students who do not pass gradually increased. As the state policy on college students changes, the quantity of sick and the number of disadvantaged group increases gradually and these students are keen to have a healthy body. What is more serious is that physical disease and mental illness result in the increasing mortality. In view of this, we make the study in eight old universities in Shanxi among the disadvantaged group and we want to find reasons and give them scientific, reasonable advice. 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 IV First, this paper aims at analyzing the test results of disadvantaged group (the data is from what was reported to State’s data in 2009). Then we let students fill in the questionnaires about physical health condition, for example, the reasons why they are in hospital, the intake condition of nutrition, patterns of life, sports lifestyle, and the physical education they have accepted. We analyze the disadvantaged people by utilization of literature, comparative analysis, expert advice, statistics and other methods. Testing results show that the average score of disadvantaged group in Shanxi who fail the exam is 49.27. Boys’ score is 49.17 and girls’ score is 49.64. All the testing programs which are not passed are in balance for boys. VC is the best area, and it is 58.56%, the other four is about 40%. For the girls, the scores are different. Grip and 50-metre dash (standing jump, skipping, controlling the basketball, soccer dribbling, volleyball bounding) are 61.56% and 75.00%. VC and 50-metre dash (step test) are 28.57% and 14.29%. The amount of boys who are malnourished and corpulent is larger than the amount of girls. It is about twice and it comes to 41.44%. This is the cause of boys’ failing the P.E examination. According to the paper investigation, state of health of disadvantaged people in Shanxi colleges is a bit complicated. Disadvantaged group who exempt from the examinations because of illness or invalidism have a more balanced diet and live a more regular life. The students who fail the examinations are poor in these areas, especially in the intake of nutrient. The 太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文 V results have shown that the students who fail in examinations lie special emphasis on flavor, which is the most important cause of malnutrition and obesity. The result also shows that the students who fail in examinations do not have high enthusiasm attend to physical exercise, and 40% of students do not participate in physical activities out of class. The students are lack of exercise and do not spend enough time on it, which is another main cause of failing in health test. P. E teaching for these students is not very optimistic in college education. In view of present status of disadvantaged people in Shanxi colleges, we suggest that universities should develop health talks vigorously and try out exercise prescription. We should also pay attention to improve playground facilities and give physically-unhealthy students medical examination and evaluations at regular time. KEY WO。