
双曲线简单几何性质的知识点整理.docx
21页四、双曲线一、双曲线及其简单几何性质(一)双曲线的定义: 平面内到两个定点 F , F的距离差的绝对值等于常数 2a ( 0 V 2a V IF F I )的点的轨1 2 1 2 迹叫做双曲线 定点叫做双曲线的焦点; IF F I=2c,叫做焦距1 2•备注:① 当IPF I-IPF I=2a时,曲线仅表示右焦点 F所对应的双曲线的一支(即右支);1 2 2当IPF 2I-IPF 1I=2a时,曲线仅表示左焦点F1所对应的双曲线的一支(即左支);② 当2a=IF 1F2I时,轨迹为以F1,F2为端点的2条射线;③ 当2a > IF 1F2I时,动点轨迹不存在双曲线壬_亡与茫_」2_i ( a>0,b>0 )的区别和联系 a 2 b2 a2 b2标准方程2X _ y 2 _1 ( a>0,b>0 )a2 b2y 2 x2y - —1 (a>0,b>0 )a2 b2图像V叽- yF2A2F1A1Ol jr ■ A F2 xO二-1AlFl 、范围对称性顶点坐标焦点坐标离心率11焦半径通径a,b, c之间的关系1yNMXB4c12t11Xccc 2a211X2a 2y2c 2aOAbk 二一二a双曲线形状与 e的关系: a a 2 , e越大,即渐近线的斜率的绝对值就越大,这时双曲线的形状就从扁狭逐渐变得开阔 +由此可知,双曲线的离心率越大,它的开口就越阔 +5 •双曲线的第二定义:ce = _ (c > a 切到定点F的距离与到定直线1的距离之比为常数 a 的点的轨迹是双曲线.其中,定点叫做双(二)双曲线的简单性质y2范围:由标准方程_ _二1 ( a> °,b> 0),从横的方向来看,直线x=-a,x=a之间没有图象,从纵的 a 2 b22ce 二 双曲线的焦距与实轴长的比 2a「范围:曲线的焦点,定直线叫做双曲线的准线 ・常数e是双曲线的离心率.准线方程:来说,相对于左焦点 F1 ( c,°)对应着左准线相对于右焦点6 •渐近线a2:x -—1 2对应着右准线F (c,0)2的渐近线亠双曲线无限接近渐近线,但永不相交。
离心率:a,叫做双曲线的离心率对于a 2 b 2B , B经过1A, A的两顶点1 2,作x轴的垂缰 ay 二二b2作y轴的垂线 ,四条直线围成一个矩形.矩形的两条对角线所在直线方程是x y0或(a b ),这两条直线就是双曲线方向来看,随着x的增大,y的绝对值也无限增大2.对称性: 对称轴 对称中心 特殊点:双曲线只有两个顶点,而椭圆则有四个顶点x2 22 _ 1过双曲线a 2 b23 •顶点:(如图)顶点:A A1 2长为2a, a 叫做半实轴长■B B1 2长为2b, b叫做半虚轴长.x的取值范围 ,y 的取值范围实轴:虚轴:7 •等轴双曲线定义:实轴和虚轴等长的双曲线叫做等轴双曲线ye2■/ 二 7性质:(1 )渐近线方程为:x ; ( 2)渐近线互相垂直; ①离心率8 •共渐近线的双曲线系X(a >0,b >0 )共渐近线X2y2(入HO入与双曲线 y 22二 1的双曲线方程可表示为且为待定a b22a 2b 2常数)XXy 2 1•备注:与双曲线2 2y -1 (a > b > 0)共焦点的双曲线方程可表示为2a b2a 2-''b 2 ''匚22 2(入V a ,且b > -入)例1求与双曲线 k: - : =1有共同渐近线且过点(2, 3)的双曲线方程9 •共轭双曲线以已知双曲线的实轴为虚轴,虚轴为实轴,这样得到的双曲线称为原双曲线的共轭双曲线 区别:三个量a,b,c中a,b不同(互换)c相同+1变为-1 .共用一对渐近线.双曲线和它的共轭双曲线的焦点在同一圆上 确定双曲线的共轭双曲线的方法:将10 .双曲线的焦半径定义:双曲线上任意一点 M与双曲线焦点2的连线段,叫做双曲线的焦半径焦半径公式的推导:利用双曲线的第二定义,X2一士」(a ,.0,b0)MF1 = eF,设双曲线a2 b 2MF1F2是其左右焦点d则由第二定义:MFa2Xo c同理MFexo2b2d11 •通径 定义:过焦点且垂直于对称轴的焦点弦赠送以下资料Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that 随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是 。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法 (Hold different attitudes 持不 同的看 ;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法 )As society develops, people are attaching much importance to 随着社会的发展,人们开始关注 People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性As to whether it is worthwhile , there is a long-runningcontroversial debate. It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.关于是否值得 的问题,一直以来争论不休。
当然,不同的人对此可能持不同的观点In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma.在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境Recently the phenomenonhas aroused wide concern, somepeople are in alarmthat The human race has entered a completely new stage in its history, withthe increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention.人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段,经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快,随 之给我们带来了很多问题 plays such an important role that it undeniably becomesthe biggest concern of the present world, there comes a question, is it a blessing or a curse?" 显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题,这是无可厚非的。
不过,问题是: "我们该如何抉择 ?"Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges, 现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同The controversial issue is often brought into public focus. People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽 相同When asked ..., some people think while some prefer...说到 ,有人认为 ,而另一些人则认为 Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds". It is quiteunderstandable that views on this issue vary from person to person.俗话说, ""。
不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的To this issue, different people come up with various attitudes. 对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without sayingthat...万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑, When it comes to ..., most people believe that ..., but other people regard ...as 提到 问题,很多人认为 ,不过,一些人则认为 是 .Whenfaced with , quite a few people claim that , but other peoplethink as...提到 问题,仅少数人认为 ,但另一些人则认为 There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of There whocriticize ...argue that , they believe that ...,but people who favor ..,on the other hand, argue that...目前, 问题争议较大。
批判 的人认为 ,他们认为 ,不过,另一方面,赞同 的人则认为 Some people are of the opinion that.. 有些人认为 Many people claim that... 很多人认为 A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people 。












