2014届高考英语(人教版)二轮复习多媒体专题课—语法填空命题解读与技法点拨.ppt
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完形填空题型解读与技法点拨 [高考示例] (2012·新课标全国卷)Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks __36__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal ( 非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really __38__.And body language is particularly __39__ whenwe attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed, what is called body language is so __40__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__， different societies treat the __42__ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having __43__ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __44__. People from Latin American countries, __45__， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __46__， it may look like a Latino is __47__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __48__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __49__ — which the Latino will in return regard as __50__.Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __51__.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __52__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __53__. But whatever the situation, the best __54__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __55__.36.A.straighter B．louder C．Harder D．further37．A.sounds B．invitations C．feelings D．messages 38．A.hope B．receive C．discover D．mean 39．A.immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult40．A.well B．far C．much D．long41．A.For example B．Thus C．However D．In short42．A.trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings 43．A.eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone44．A.strangers B．relatives C．neighbours D．enemies45．A.in other words B．on the other handC．in a similar way D．by all means46．A.trouble B．conversationC．silence D．experiment47．A.disturbing B．helping C．guiding D．following48．A.closer B．faster C．in D．away49．A.stepping forward B．going onC．backing away D．coming out50．A.weakness B．carelessness C．friendliness D．coldness51．A.talk B．travel C．laugh D．think52．A.different B．European C．Latino D．rich53．A.curiosity B．excitementC．misunderstanding D．nervousness54．A.chance B．time C．result D．advice55．A.noticed B．treated C．respected D．pleased一、题型解读——完形填空五大考查方向高考完形填空不仅考查考生是否熟悉课标所规定的词汇、语法结构、常见的词与词之间的搭配，还考查考生的分析判断能力 、逻辑推理能力。
综合而言，完形填空主要测试考生以下5个方面的能力 (一)上下文语义理解完形填空首先从语篇的角度综合测试考生对文章的理解能力，需要考生在充分理解上下文的基础上填入一个符合上下文语境的词，从而使文章意思完整上下文语义理解题在完形填空题中比重最大考生在做完形填空题时，切忌只见树木，不见森林，抛开语篇孤立地看句子的做题方法是绝对不可取的[示例] (2012·新课标全国卷37题)Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks__36__than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __37__ than we realize.37．A.sounds B．invitationsC．feelings D．messages[解析] 本段第一句表明身势语(body language)是所有语言中最有力量的语言，故我们的身体发送的“信息”比我们意识到的更多[答案] D(二)句际关系除了理解文中各个句子的含义，完形填空还要求考生能够把握前后句子之间的逻辑关系，并根据前后的逻辑关系选择正 确的关联词或过渡词，从而使上下文形成合理的衔接。
[示例] (2012·新课标全国卷41题)And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__41__， different societies treat the __42__ between people differently.41．A.For example B．ThusC．However D．In short[解析] 前面说误会因此发生，后文是一个实例，所以这里 承上启下，用for example[答案] A(三)语法结构语法结构分析题在每年的完形填空中所占的比重较小，主要集中于考查定语从句、状语从句、倒装句、比较句或并列平行结构等语法项目，选项常设置为这些语法结构的结构连词[示例] (2012·全国卷Ⅱ21题)Around twenty years ago I was living in York.__21__ I had a lot of experience and a Master's degree, I could not find satisfying work.21．A.As B．ThoughC．If D．When[解析] 考查状语从句中的连词。
句意：尽管我有许多经验和硕士学位，但还是不能找到满意的工作though在句中引导让步状语从句；as引导让步状语从句时需要使用部分倒装；if引导条件状语从句；when引导时间状语从句 [答案] B(四)固定搭配虽然考查词语的固定搭配在完形填空题中所占比重较小，但也是考查重点之一，主要包括动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等习惯性搭配及英语中一些常用的固定句式[示例] (2012·福建卷54题)If we can allow our children to be themselves without prejudice, they'll build friendships with people, regardless of race or religion, who will be __54__ their side through thick and thin.54．A.from B．byC．with D．against[解析] 考查固定搭配by one‘s side through thick and thin“和某人同甘共苦；共同支持”[答案] B(五)词语辨析英语中有很多近义或形近的易混词语，有些词语在意义上十分相近，但在用法上却存在细微区别；有的词语词形上十分相近，词义却大相径庭；动词搭配不同的介词或副词，意义差别很大，考生尤需熟悉常用动词短语。
完形填空题中常会涉及到这些近义、形近词的辨析与辨认(包括动词短语的辨析)，这就要求考生不但要能够充分理解上下文，还要对这些近义或形近词有比较扎实的掌握[示例] (2012·辽宁卷38题)My hearing was damaged by the __38__ of farm equipment ...38．A.sound B．alarmC．noise D．voice[解析] 考查近义词辨析句意：我的听力受到了农场设备噪音的损害sound“声音；响声”；alarm“警报；警报器”；noise“噪音”；voice“声音”[答案] C二、技法点拨——完形填空七大解题技巧解答完形填空题的关键在于能否准确理解上下文中的“照应”关系 ，迅速排除干扰选项，而要想做到这一点，掌握一定的技巧和方法是 十分必要的下面我们将介绍七招解题技巧，为考生提供应试“利器” 一)代入法如果不能很有把握地直接选出某一道题的答案，可以先将各选项 代入空白处，排除明显不符合题意的选项，从而缩小选择的范围具 体来讲，可以利用如下线索： 1．将各选项代入空白处将句子译成汉语，排除。
