完形填空专题讲解.docx

完形填空专题讲解教案教师：学生：时间：年—月—日 段课题：中考完形填空专题讲解教学目标：1、 掌握中考完形填空的命题思路2、 掌握一些常用的完形填空的技巧及方法重、难点：1、 对完型填空命题规律的理解和掌握2、 如何掌握完型填空的做题技巧授课内容及步骤：♦♦【知识梳理】—、认识完形填空1. 中考完形填空试题说明共10小题，每小题1分在一篇150~200词的短文中留出10个空白，要求考生从每题所给 的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整2. 命题特点及选材特点完形填空是一种要求高、综合性强的语言测试题，以阅读为形式，以上下文为线索，以理解能 力、词汇知识、语法知识、习惯用法以及分析判断能力为解题基础，是一种较高层次的阅读理解题 所选题材多样，但都贴近生活实际，具有趣味性、教育性、思想性；体裁多以记叙文为主，也有说 明文、议论文等所选短文其难度略低于阅读理解题的短文3. 考查范围1) .词语辨析、基本句型、基础语法；2) .固定搭配与习惯表达；3) .阅读理解能力和逻辑推理、判断能力近年来，完形填空题单纯考语法的题目很少，越来越侧重对综合语言应用能力、阅读理解能力的考 查。

其中，词汇运用能力的考查表现为要求考生在一定的语境下表达词汇的语义、词汇的搭配，特 别关注上下文的行文逻辑和相互照应二、命题规律中考完形填空抛弃了传统的“语法知识型”命题模式，转变成“情境能力型”的命题趋势它的一个 显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学 生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力1 .从文章结构看(1 )首句通常不设空，以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解，从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、 推测文章大意2 )短文设空平均密度为25个单词一个空2. 从语言层次看考点设计对把握语段的要求在提高我们可以把考点分为三个层次，即句子层次、句群层次和语篇 层次1 )句子层次的设空指那些只需读懂设空所在句便可选出答案的题目2)句群层次的设空指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目前制性设空:根据上文可推导出答案例：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to in front of all the teachers and students of my school!A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance后制性设空;根据下文可推导出答案例：1） . Nobody him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me ...”A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew2） . Country music comes from kinds of music. One is the traditional music of tall mountain people inthe eastern United States. The other is traditional cowboy music from the American West.A. many B. all C. two D. three（3）.语篇性设空I work as a volunteer for an organization that helps the poor in Haiti. Recently I took my son Barrett there for a week, hoping to 1 him achieved all I’d expected. Soon he will celebrate his 18th birthday.He will be a man.（最后一句话）1. A. comfort B. please C. attract D. educate三、解题思路1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。

时间：3分钟）先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，即了解文章的体裁、背景、 内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果；通读全文时，尽量避免文章空格的影响，初步搞清文章 的大概意思即可不要纠缠于一句话、一个空，否则会断章取义，进入误区2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案时间：4分钟）在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文 的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入 手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛 选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破时间：5分钟)动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一 下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点这时可 结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的 正确率4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏时间：3分钟)完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。

看所选定的 答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法如发现错误 答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正♦ ♦【融知于题】通过上下文暗示进行判断例 1. --- She had got a(n) ( 36 ) and needed a blood transfusion(输血)from her five-year-old brother, who had had the same disease but ( ) stayed alive.( )36. A. accident B. problem C. disease例 2. --- No matter when my friends saw him pass by, they would (38), “Hey, deaf( 聋子)and dumb(哑 巴)”，---There were no friends around to shout the usual words of “greeting”.( )38. A. sing B. run C. shout例 3. In New York, on a Friday night, a young artist stood at the gate of a train station. He was playing his _16_. His music was so great that many people put money into his hat. The next day ,the young artist came to the same place, and played the violin as usual.( )16. A. piano B. guitar C. violin D. sax通过逻辑推理进行判断由一个或几个已知的判断(前提)，推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。

例 1. ---For a long time she stood in the basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below.( )45. A. closed B. open C. clean例 2. --- “Hey, deaf and dumb , what’s the time?” They told me that he could neither hear nor (39).( )39. A. speak B. see C. answer通过词义辨析进行判断此类试题的命题，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章 的意思来进行推断例 1.--- “Jessie’s dad took her to ride in a red, blue and yellow hot air balloon. It rose from ground andmoved slowly the sky. Jessie ( ) forests and many beautiful lakes and rivers.( )37. A. saw B. noticed C. watched根据句子结构或固定搭配进行判断例 1.--- He thought for only a moment before taking a ( 41 ) breath and saying, “Yes, I’ll do it if it will()Lisa.”( )41. A. deep B. loud C. final例 2.When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 48 what he or she is speaking...48. A. for B. of C. with D. to根据语法分析进行判断As a reporter, I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them. I think I'll also make manygood 25 and live with them, because I don't like living alone.25. A. friend B. friends C. friends' D. friends'根据背景知识进行判断All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of 32 ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.32. A. all B. none C. some D. both根据生活常识进行判断在日常生活中，饿了就要吃东西，渴了就要喝东西，累了就要休息，冷了添衣服，热了脱衣服等是 约定俗成的事。

例 1: --- The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his ( ) and replied, “It’s 5:30”.( ) A. umbrella B. home C. watch例2: --- “When fish are hungry, they will bite(咬) ( ) anything.”( ) A. never B. hardly 。