高考英语语法精讲精练-非谓语动词[教师版].pdf

新课标高三第二轮专题讲解非谓语动词是高考的重点和热点，也是我们英语学习中所碰到的难点之一非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，V-ing 分词（又分为现在分词和动名词）和过去分词1.非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语（主语）补足语定语插入语（独立成分）V-ing 形式现在分词动名词不定式（ to do）过去分词（ done）注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词to tell you the truth( 实话说 )，needless to say ( 不用说 ) ，to be honest/frank( 老实说， 坦白说) ，to be more exact( 更确切地说) ，to make things worse ( 更糟的是 ) ， not to mention ( 更不用说 ) ，Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking ( 一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说 ) 2.非谓语动词的变化形式非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或of sb. to do sth. 在“to ”前加 not 或 never 进行式to have done to have been done 完成式to be doing / 完成进行式to have been doing / 动名词一般式doing being done sb. 或sbs doing 作主语要用sbs doing在前加 not 特 别 注 意 复 合结构的否定式：sbs not doingsbs not having done 完成式having done having been done 精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加 not （一）辨别谓语与非谓语特别注意分析句子的结构才能辨别谓语与非谓语。

The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A. being weighed B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing 【解析】容易误选B 或 C， 将其当成谓语看待under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds 用作 children 的定语动词weigh 与名词 children是主动关系，所以选择 weighing _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 【解析】 如果不注意分析句子结构，会误选 A 或 C 项这是祈使句 +and+ 陈述句的句型二）非谓语作主语、宾语的重点1.it 充当动词不定式的形式主语或形式宾语It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

I think it important for us to learn English very well.我认为对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的it 作形式主语使用动名词的句型 It is no use/no good/useless+doing sth. It is no use crying. 哭没有用 It is fun(a great pleasure, a waste of time) It is a waste of time trying to explain. 设法解释是浪费时间2.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语有特殊规定 I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 【解析】 want 后要跟动词不定式作宾语，sound 是连系动词不用被动式，与谓语动词精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -没有时间的先后，故不可用它的完成式。

答案A类似的知识点要记牢如： help, hope, ask, refuse, decide, promise, wish, pretend, expect, arrange, learn, plan, demand, dare, manage, agree, prepare, fail, determine, offer, choose, desire, elect, long等动词后要用动词不定式作宾语 It is difficult to imagine his _the decision without any consideration. A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. accepted 【解析】 imagine 要求用动名词作宾语类似的知识点要记牢下列常见的这些动词（组）后要用动词动名词作宾语suggest, risk, devote oneself to（建议冒险去献身）finish, imagine, bear/stand, look forward to （完成想象忍盼望）give up, delay/put off, regret, miss （放弃延期悔失去）insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice （坚持欣赏要实践）pay attention to, excuse, escape/avoid, object to（注意原谅逃 /避反对）keep, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind（保持习惯勿介意）be worth, set about/burst out/get down to, be busy （值得开始将忙乎）3.用不定式还是用动名词作宾语意义不同In some parts of London, missing a bus means _for another hour. A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting 【解析】此题意为“在英国的一些地方，如果错过了公交车就意味着再等一个小时。

mean doing sth 意为“意味着什么”，mean to do sth 意为“ 试图、打算做什么 ” 答案 A类似的知识点要记牢动词本身意义不变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同remember to do sth. 记住要做remember doing sth.记得过去做过forget to do sth. 忘了已做过的事forget doing sth. 忘记要做某事 动词本身意义改变，跟不定式和动名词意义不同regret to do sth.对马上要或不做的事表示遗憾精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔mean to do sth.打算，想要mean doing 意味着，意思是try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁，忍不住cant help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider doing 考虑做某事 动词本身意义不变，跟不定式被动式和动名词意义相同want，need，require 接动名词表示被动意义，接不定式就要用被动式，这时主语与动名词之间为动宾关系These young trees require looking after （=to be looked after ）. The matter needs thinking over(=to be thought over). 下列动词跟动词不定式做目的状语，跟动名词作宾语stop to do 停下来，要做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）stop doing 停止做（动名词作宾语）go on to do 接着做另一件事（不定式作目的状语）go on doing 继续做同一件事（动名词作宾语）4.有些动词后要用“疑问词不定式”结构作复合宾语It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 【解析】本题考查“疑问词不定式”和动词短语do with 的用法。

答案C三）非谓语作表语的重点不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语，含义是回答主语“是什么”；分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，含义是回答主语“怎么样”Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密精品p d f 资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 47 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品学习资料 - - -p d f 精品资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Their job is making wheelchairs for disabled people. 他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动This beautiful village remains unknown to the rest of the world. 这个美丽的村庄仍未外界所知。

现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“ 怎么样” 的现在分词说明主语的特征，过去分词说明主语的状态如：This dog is frightening. 这条狗让人害怕 （说明狗的特征）This dog is frightened. 这条狗有些害怕 （说明狗的心理状态）Climbing is tiring and we are completely t。