英语升本第三天语法讲解.ppt
50页
重庆专升本英语重庆专升本英语 2015年年第一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 专升本英语第五天课程安排：专升本英语第五天课程安排：上午：上午： 1.名词性从句讲解名词性从句讲解 2.作业评讲作业评讲 下午：下午： 1.单词讲解（单词讲解（264-329）） 2.写作讲解写作讲解 3.听力练习听力练习第二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •定语从句（形容词性从句）定语从句（形容词性从句）•名词性从句名词性从句•状语从句（副词性从句）状语从句（副词性从句）句子分类：句子分类： 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句复合句复合句第三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •一 含义：•名词性从句：起名词作用的句子•二 分类：•主语从句•宾语从句•表语从句•同位语从句名词性从句名词性从句第四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 名词性从句名词性从句•一、名词性从句包括：一、名词性从句包括：•主语从句主语从句 What you need is more practice.•宾语从句宾语从句 We must find out who did all this.•表语从句表语从句 The question is whether it is worth doing.•同位语从句同位语从句 The visitor expressed his hope that he would visit China again.•二、学习要领：二、学习要领：•1.连接词连接词(重点重点)•2.从句中的语序（从句中的语序（陈述句语序陈述句语序））•3.时态一致（时态一致（宾从宾从））第五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
名词从句名词从句连接连接词词连接词是否作成连接词是否作成分分连接词是否省略连接词是否省略对应的对应的简单句类型简单句类型从属连词从属连词: that不作成分不作成分且无实且无实义义在在宾语从句宾语从句中中可以省略可以省略陈述句陈述句从属连词：从属连词：whether ; if 不作成分不作成分“是否是否” 不能省不能省（（是否是否））一般疑问句一般疑问句连接副词：连接副词：when where why how 连接代词：连接代词：Who whom what which whose作状语：作状语：“何时何时” “何地何地” “为什么为什么” “怎样怎样”作主语、宾语、作主语、宾语、表语：表语： who whom what 作定语：作定语：which +n. “哪个哪个”Whose +n. 不能省略不能省略（既作成分，又（既作成分，又有意义）有意义）特殊疑问句特殊疑问句第六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 （一）（一）.主语从句主语从句 考点考点•1. what “什么什么” “所所…的的” 引导的主语从句居多•What confuses me is they leave me alone.•① 主语 ②系动词 ③表语 •what 在主语从句中，可做主语，宾语，表语在主语从句中，可做主语，宾语，表语•What I said is absolutely true.•我所说的全是事实。
• The words/thing that I said is absolutely true.第七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 What makes me disappointed is that you lied to me. The thing that makes me disappointed is that you lied to me.什么情况下，选择什么情况下，选择what? 前无先行词，后面句子不完整前无先行词，后面句子不完整第八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 练习题练习题•1. _______ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services. •A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever•10年年 23. ____ surprises me most was to see some of the villagers seated on the benches.•A. It B. That C. What D. Which第九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
2. Whether “是否” •2. Whether he will come is unknown. • ①①主语主语 ②②系动词系动词 ③③表语表语•他他是否是否要来还不从得知要来还不从得知•12年年 23.___ we will hold a sports meeting or not has not been decided yet.•A. Whether B. As though •C. If D. Once第十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •That the manager should consider our requirement is likely . （（that 不可省略不可省略））•①①主语主语 ②②系动词系动词 ③③表语表语•为避免头重脚轻，为避免头重脚轻，用用it 作为形式主语，作为形式主语， that 真真正主语放在句尾正主语放在句尾3. that 引导主语从句引导主语从句•It is likely that the manager should • ①①主语主语•consider our requirement.第十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•It is likely that the manager should consider our requirement.句型一句型一：：It is/was +adj.+ that 从句从句(should do/be done)表虚拟表虚拟•①① 表表命令，建议，要求，请求命令，建议，要求，请求这一类词的这一类词的v. n. adj. 后面用后面用that 引导的主语从句（引导的主语从句（should do/be done））should 可以省略，可以省略，表虚拟语气表虚拟语气•表坚持：表坚持：insisted(坚决主张坚决主张);•表命令：表命令： commanded; ordered; •表建议：表建议： suggested ; advisable; proposed;•表要求：表要求： demanded; desired; required; requested; 第十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •② necessary=essential 必要的必要的• important=vital 重要的重要的• natural 自然的；自然的； strange 奇怪的；奇怪的；• decided 决定的；决定的；urgent 急切的急切的；；•It is essential that all these figures ____ twice.•A. check B. checked•C. are checked D. be checked第十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
主语从句主语从句 固定句型固定句型•句型一：句型一：It is/was +adj.+ that 从句从句(should do)表虚拟表虚拟•句型二：句型二：It is/was + adj. +n.+ that 从句从句 •句型三：句型三：It is / was + v.过去分词过去分词 +that 从句从句•1. ____ hard water does not mix well with soap.•A. That is a well-known fact•B. That is a well-known fact in which•C. It is a well-known fact that•D. It is a well-known that不一定不一定用用should do 表示虚拟语气表示虚拟语气第十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 主语从句主语从句 句型三：句型三：It is / was + v.过去分词过去分词 +that 从句从句•2.____ every magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field.•A. It believes that •B. It believed that •C. It is believed that•D. It is believing thatC第十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
主语从句主语从句 练习题练习题•1. It is obvious ____ on more important things.•A. which the money should we spend•B. what the money should we spend•C. that the money should we spend•D. that we should spend the moneyD第十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 主语从句主语从句 真题回顾真题回顾 10年年 23. ____ surprises me most was to see some of the villagers seated on the benches.•A. It B. That C. What D. Which•12年年 23.___ we will hold a sports meet or not has not been decided yet.•A. Whether B. As though •C. If D. OnceCA第十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
4. 作状语成分的连接副词作状语成分的连接副词 when where why how4.1 when 连接主语从句，在其所引导的从句中充当时间状语连接主语从句，在其所引导的从句中充当时间状语When the meeting will be begun is doubtful. ①① 主语主语 ②②系动词系动词 ③③表语表语这会议何时开始还被受疑问中这会议何时开始还被受疑问中When he comes to me is still unknown. 他什么时候来看我还不知道他什么时候来看我还不知道第十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •4.2 where 连接主语从句，在其引导的从句中充当地点状语连接主语从句，在其引导的从句中充当地点状语•Where his pen is lost is unknown.• ①①主语主语 ②②系动词系动词 ③③表语表语•他的钢笔在哪里弄丢还不曾得知。
他的钢笔在哪里弄丢还不曾得知•Where the bridge will be built is under discussion.第十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 4.3 why 连接主语从句，在其引导的从句中充当原因状语连接主语从句，在其引导的从句中充当原因状语Why he did not go to school is not important. ①主语 ②系动词 ③表语他为什么不来学校不重要他为什么不来学校不重要第二十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •4.4 how 引导主语从句，在其所引导的从句中充当方式状语引导主语从句，在其所引导的从句中充当方式状语•How he managed to across the channel draws • ① 主语 ②谓语•people's attention.•③宾语•他是怎样跨越那海峡的吸引人们的注意力第二十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•宾语从句：跟在宾语从句：跟在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词或或形容词形容词后作宾语的句子叫做宾后作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句通常由通常由“that” 引导，引导，that 可省略二）（二）宾语从句宾语从句 考点考点1. [连接词连接词]从句从句是陈是陈述的语气述的语气 用用that从句从句是一般疑是一般疑问语气问语气 用用if / whether从句从句是特殊疑是特殊疑问语气问语气 用用 wh –开头的特殊疑问开头的特殊疑问词词who/whom/what/whose/which/when/where/why/howeg：：I’m afraid that you are right. We do not care for whether he will come or not.No one knows when the new film starts.第二十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 2. 宾语从句中的宾语从句中的时态时态•2.1 主句是主句是一般现在时一般现在时，从句什么时态都行，从句什么时态都行eg: He says (that）） he is reading a book now. •2.2 主句是主句是一般过去时一般过去时，从句用过去范畴的时态，从句用过去范畴的时态eg：：He said (that) he would work hard.eg: They said (that) they had been to France.•但若从句表示客观规律，真理，事实，用一般现在时态。
但若从句表示客观规律，真理，事实，用一般现在时态• The students asked me if the earth goes round the sun. 第二十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •宾语从句：跟在及物动词或者介词后作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句宾语从句：跟在及物动词或者介词后作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句•1. 通常由通常由“that” 引导，引导，that 可省略•Eg: I want to tell (that) you are the winner • ①①主语主语 ②②谓语谓语 ③③宾语宾语•of the game. •Eg: That man said （（that）） he would bounce back • ①①主语主语 ②②谓语谓语 ③③宾语宾语 •before long. •Eg: I am excessively sorry (that) the price of raw materials have been increased. （二）宾语从句（二）宾语从句 考点考点第二十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•2. whether & if 引导宾语从句的区别引导宾语从句的区别•相同点相同点：：whether & if 都可放在都可放在know, ask, care, wonder后面•不同点不同点：：•⑴⑴. Prep. +whether:•Eg: we can not find out ____(whether/if) he leaves.•(2). whether to do :•I can not decide ____(whether/if) to stay.第二十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 whether & if 区别区别•(3).引导主语从句时，引导主语从句时，whether 可位于句首可位于句首 , 且与且与or not 连用连用，但，但if 却不能•Whether we join in the competition or not has not decided.•12年年 23.___ we will hold a sports meeting or not has not been decided yet.•A. Whether B. As though •C. If D. Once第二十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•3. it 作形式宾语，真正宾语放于句后作形式宾语，真正宾语放于句后• 3.1 think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) •+to do sth. think/find/ feel/consider/ make/ believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see to +it+ (adj./n.) •+宾语从句宾语从句Eg: I think it necessary to take plenty of hot water every day.Eg: I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.第二十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 Eg: I took it for granted that they were not coming.Eg: I will see to it that everything is ready in time.Eg: I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. •练习题：练习题：•1. They felt it difficult ____(finish) the task in such a short time.•2. I find it pleasant _____(work) with him.•3. I think it my honor____ (invite) to speak here.• 第二十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
4. 其他连接词引导宾语从句其他连接词引导宾语从句•4.1 Who 引导宾语从句，做主语/宾语/表语 •1. I don't know who is on duty today. •2. Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? •3. He asked who could answer the question. 第二十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 其他连接词其他连接词•Eg: He asked me where Mr. Wang was. • eg: I asked me which job I will choose.•Eg: My friend asks me when I will graduate.• 第三十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 （二）（二）宾语从句宾语从句 考点考点•注意： 动词和介词后面才跟宾语•1. He is wondering ___ will be his wife.•2.listening carefully to ___ in class means less work later.•A. what does the teacher say•B. what the teacher says•C. that the teacher says•D. which the teacher sayswhoB第三十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
(三) 表语从句 考点•考点：考点：表语从句一般是位于系动词尤其是表语从句一般是位于系动词尤其是be 动词（如动词（如is /was））之后之后.•固定结构：固定结构：•The reason for +n./n.短语短语+ is/was that … •The reason why+句子句子+is/was that …•T or F•The reason for his absence was because he has left the city.第三十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •1. The reason for my return is ____ I left my keys behind.•A. because B. it C. that D. why•2. This is ____ they once lived. •A . What •B . Where •C. When•D. that 第三十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 表语从句 练习•1. the reason why we are so late is _____.•A. because of the car breaking down•B. due the care broke down•C. that the car broke down•D. because the car broke downC第三十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
表语从句 练习•2. stopping pouring polluted water into the river is ____the factory has to solve at present.•A. what B. which C. as D. that•3.The question is ___we arrive in New York.•A. what B. when C. where D. thatAB第三十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 (四) 同位语从句1.同位语从句说明其前面的同位语从句说明其前面的名词名词的具体内容的具体内容We were all overjoyed at the news______ the experiment turned out a success.A. which B. that C. when D. what2.同位语从句一般位于如下词汇后面，通常用同位语从句一般位于如下词汇后面，通常用that 引导，引导，但也可由其他词引导但也可由其他词引导•（（1））.news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/information/•message/word/problem/promise/wish/question•/truth/evidencethat 第三十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•(2). 表命令、建议、要求、请求的名词表命令、建议、要求、请求的名词•(同位语从句中用同位语从句中用should do 表虚拟表虚拟):•表坚持：表坚持：insistence•表命令表命令:order/command•表建议表建议:suggestion、、advice、、proposal•表要求、请求：表要求、请求： demand /desire/require/request•He made the suggestion that we should go by train.第三十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •3.同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同位语从句位语从句分隔分隔：：• An idea came to her ______she might do the experiment in another way.•A. that B. what C. when D. whichthat第三十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 补充考点补充考点：：强调句型强调句型—加分句型加分句型•1. 句型：句型：It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that/who+其他成分其他成分•注意：注意：此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由do/does/did +do表表强调。
强调•2. 判断判断是否为强调句型：将是否为强调句型：将it is/was…that/who 去掉，去掉，句子仍然成立，则为强调句型句子仍然成立，则为强调句型•Eg: I met Mary in library this morning.•It was I that/who met Mary in library this morning.•It was Mary that/who I met in library this morning.•It was in library that I met Mary this morning.•It was this morning that I met Mary in library.•I do meet Mary in library this morning.强调谓语强调谓语第三十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 区分：区分：that 引导的不同从句引导的不同从句 难点难点 •总结：总结：that 句型句型•It is/was+ adj. +that …•It is/was+ n. + that …•It is/was+被强调部分被强调部分+that…第四十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•It is important that we should go to bed early.•It is the park that I have seen before.•It is a good news that we have no class on Friday.•It is in the park that I will meet my BF.主语从句主语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句强调句型强调句型区分：区分：that 引导的不同从句引导的不同从句 难点难点第四十一页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •09年年 25. it was in the park ____ I met Mary yesterday.•A. that B. where C. what D. when•10年年 24. it is in room 315____ the meeting will be held .•A. where B. in which C. that D. when第四十二页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •定语从句：N./pron+从句（完整或不完整）•同位语从句：n. 特定的+that 从句（完整句子）•主语从句: 从句+be/v.•宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句•表语从句：be/feel/looks+从句第四十三页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
•11年年 21.We expressed the hope ___ they would visit China again.•A. how B. that C. what D. which•11年年 23. It was this pen ____ I bought yesterday.•A. that B. what C. who D. which第四十四页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •12年年 22. The village ___my grandfather grew up is not far from town.•A. when B. which C. In that D. where•12年年 23.___ we will hold a sports meet or not has not been decided yet.•A. Whether B. As though •C. If D. Once第四十五页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •定语从句： n./pron.+定语从句•主语从句：从句+v./be•宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句•表语从句：be/feel/touch+从句•同位语从句：n.+完整句子（that)•强调句型：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分第四十六页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
2014年年 真题从句考察真题从句考察•18. this player was lucky actually because that was the third time he___ the championship.•A. won B. win C. would win D. had won•19. we all respect him. He is one of the those who____ others.A.is always thinking of C. are always thinking ofB.has always thought of D.would always think of 第四十七页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 •25. there is no evidence ____ housing price will come down in the near future.•A. that B. which C. where D. as•Respectful 崇敬的•Respectable 可受尊敬的•Respective 独自的；各自的•Respect for sb. •Perspective =idea=opinion •From my perspective,第四十八页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
Assignment•1. 名词性从句课后习题•2. 写作•3. 阅读9&10，task 2,匹配题1.2第四十九页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分 • The first and foremost, 句子；句子•What's more/worse, 句子•In addition to, 句子•The last but not least, 句子第五十页，编辑于星期五：二十点 二十四分。
