中考英语-被动语态的用法及练习

1、被动语态,一、被动语态的概念： 当谓语表示一个动作时，主语和它可以有两种不同的关系，主动关系和被动关系： 表示主动关系时，主语是动作的执行者，称为主动语态 Tom opened the door. 表示被动关系时，主语是动作的承受者，谓语要用另一种形式，称为被动语态 The door was opened by Tom. 在被动结构中，动作执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示,二、形式 被动语态由助动词be加过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来：（完成进行时和将来进行时无被动语态） 1一般现在时：History is made by people. 2一般过去时：When was the building completed? 3一般将来时：We wont be invited. 4现在/过去进行时：A new railway is being built. The roads were being widened. 5现在/过去完成时：The book has been translated. Costs had been greatly reduced.,表格：被动态基本结构,am/i

2、s/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,shall/will be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,以write为例,在16种时态中形式,以write为例，在时态中被动语态的形式,1常用时态（9种）的被动语态结构：以do 为例 1) 一般现在时 am is are +done In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. hacompleted B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly i

3、f people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded,2) 一般过去时 was were +done I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing,3) 现在进行时 am is are + being done - Have you moved into the new house? -Not yet, the rooms _. A. are being painted B. are pa

4、ining C. are painted D. are being painting A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut,4) 过去进行时 was were +being done That road was being widened this time last year. 5) 一般将来时 will be + done Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. lost D. will

5、 lose Your job open for your return. Thanks. A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept,6) 过去将来时 would be +done Mary told us that a short play would be put on at the party. In a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held 7) 现在完成时 have / has been +done All the preparations for the task _, and we are ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been c

6、ompleted,8) 过去完成时 had been +done The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed,9) 将来完成时 The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006. A has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have complete

7、d,含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，其结构为“情态动词+ be+ vt. pp. You cant take the magazine out of the reading room. The magazine cant be taken out of the reading- room. These exercise must be done in class. More rice can be produced next year.,6.被动语态与系表结构的区别 “be +过去分词”这个结构并不一定都是被动语态，有些动词be, feel, seem, look等后的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语，表示状态。 The glass is broken.(系表结构) The glass was broken by the boy(被动语态) The door is locked.(系表结构)、 The door has just/been locked (被动语态),系表结构与被动语态的主要差别是：被动语态表示一个动作，它可以有介词by引起的短语，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态，

8、虽形式与被动语态相似，实质不同: 1) The picture was well drawn. The picture was drawn by my sister. 2). The library is now closed. It is usually closed at 6. 3).The bridge is completed. The bridge was completed in 1968.,三、被动语态的使用情况 1，不知道或没有必要说出动作的执行者 Such books are written for children. 2，动作的承受者是谈话的中心 The song was written by a student. 3，出于礼貌措辞圆通等不愿说出动作执行者 You are required to sing a song.,4.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时（动作的承受者是谈话的中心，这时常带有by引起的短语） Food is needed by every living thing. This school is run by the trade union. 5.有

9、时被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排 They are going to build a library building here next year. It is going to be built right beside the office building. ( 若两句都用they作主语，则显得呆板),主动形式表示被动意义 1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive The book sells well. 这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。 2)blame, remain, keep, rent, build I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains.,3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。 This book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 4) 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见/理解自己)，have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。,被动形式表示主动意义 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be finishe

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