商科paper写作--美国、日本和法国的农村金融体系

1、HotEssay论文网（www.ocscf.org）-专业paper写作,report写作辅导中心商科paper写作-美国、日本和法国的农村金融体系As the largest producer and exporter of grain in the world, the advanced agricultural production of the United States is inseparable from its highly developed and complete rural financial system. The establishment of American rural financial system is accompanied by the development and reform of American economy, especially agricultural and rural economy. At the founding of the United States, there were no specialized rura

2、l financial institutions, and agricultural credit funds were basically provided by commercial institutions and private loans.作为世界上最大的粮食生产国和出口国，美国先进的农业生产离不开其高度发达和完善的农村金融体系。美国农村金融体系的建立，伴随着美国经济特别是农业和农村经济的发展和改革。美国成立时，没有专门的农村金融机构，农业信贷资金基本上由商业机构和私人贷款提供。With the continuous marketization of agriculture, the United States has completed the comprehensive industrialization reform of the rural financial system within a century, including the establishment of the federal land bank of the United States, the p

3、romulgation of the agricultural credit act and the establishment of the small business administration. America has formed a complete rural financial service pattern, and its relatively complete rural financial service system is generally composed of four sub-systems.随着农业市场化的不断推进，美国在一个世纪内完成了农村金融体系的全面工业化改革，包括建立美国联邦土地银行、颁布农业信贷法和小企业管理局的建立。美国已经形成了一个完整的农村金融服务模式，其相对完整的农村金融服务体系一般由四个子系统组成。Cooperative financial system in American rural areas mainly consists of three independent systems: federal land banki

4、ng system, federal medium-term credit banking system and cooperative banking system. The three systems were initially funded by the government and established in a top-down manner. However, with the gradual withdrawal of government funds, the three systems have now become real cooperative financial organizations owned by farmers. According to the American laws on agricultural credit, there are 12 agricultural credit zones in the United States. Each agricultural credit zone has a federal land ban

5、k, federal medium-term credit bank and cooperative bank, which are led, managed and supervised by the agricultural credit administration, an independent agency of the federal government.美国农村合作金融体系主要由三个独立的体系组成：联邦土地银行体系、联邦中期信贷银行体系和合作银行体系。这三个体系最初由政府资助，并自上而下建立。然而，随着政府资金的逐步撤出，这三种制度已成为农民真正拥有的合作性金融组织。根据美国农业信贷法，美国有12个农业信贷区。每个农业信贷区都有一个联邦土地银行、联邦中期信贷银行和合作银行，由联邦政府独立机构农业信贷管理局领导、管理和监督。The United States did not set up a special rural financial institutions, its agricultural credit funds mainly rely on private

6、institutions and individuals to provide. The establishment of the federal land bank of the United States completely changed the situation that there was no specialized rural financial institution in the United States. The federal land bank consists of several federal land bank cooperatives, each of which is financed by a large number of farmers. The funds of the federal land bank mainly come from the share capital paid by members and the issuance of federal agricultural bonds. Federal land bank

7、funds are used primarily to provide long-term real estate loans to individual farmers.美国没有设立专门的农村金融机构，其农业信贷资金主要依靠私营机构和个人提供。美国联邦土地银行的成立彻底改变了美国没有专门的农村金融机构的局面。联邦土地银行由几个联邦土地银行合作社组成，每个合作社由大量农民提供资金。联邦土地银行的资金主要来自成员缴纳的股本和联邦农业债券的发行。联邦土地银行的资金主要用于向农民个人提供长期房地产贷款。The structure of the federal medium-term credit banking system is similar to that of the federal land banking system. It is composed of 12 federal medium-term credit Banks and their affiliated production credit cooperatives. The federal medium-term

8、credit bank lends only to the underlying production credit cooperatives, which then provide loans to individual farmers. The loan objects of production credit cooperatives and federal land bank cooperatives are basically the same, and their differences are mainly as follows: production credit cooperatives can directly provide loans to farmers, while federal land bank cooperatives only assist their superior federal land bank to deal with loan matters. While production credit cooperatives provide

9、medium - and short-term loans, federal land bank cooperatives only assist their parent federal land bank with long-term loans.Like the federal medium-term credit banking system and the federal land bank, the cooperative banking system has a cooperative bank in each of the 12 agricultural credit zones, but it also has a central cooperative bank. The central cooperative bank mainly provides financial services to large production cooperatives whose business scope exceeds one agricultural credit area.American agricultural insurance system is a diversified insurance system with federal crop insurance company, private insurance company, insurance agent and insurance surveyor as the main body. The federal crop insurance company is mainly responsible for rule making, risk control, supervision and inspection, and does not directly participate in the operation of the insurance business. Private insurers are responsible for crop insurance under the guidan

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