定语从句归纳
4页1、定语从句( the attributive clause )一什么叫定语从句? 一个句子作定语就叫定语从句。二定语从句的结构及种类1. 结构:关系词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其它2. 种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 三关系词的分类及关系词1. 关系代词: who, whom, whose, that ,which, as2. 关系副词: when, where, why 四关系词的功用1. 起连接作用,引导定语从句2. 在定语从句中作一个成分主语,宾语,状语,定语,表语。 五什么是先行词?被定语从句所修饰的词是先行词。六关系词的用法1. who当先行词是指人得名词或代词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选who 。The boy who is standing over there is Tom.He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2. whom当先行词是指人得名词,而且关系词在句中作主语时,选 whom.This is our English teacher whom everybody likes.3. who
2、se 当先行词是指人的名词,而且关系词在句中作定语时,选 whose.This is my deskmate whose father works in a factory. 当先行词是指物的名词,而且关系在句中作定语时,选 whose.We study in a classroom whose windows face to the south.4. thatthat.that. 另外, that 可以省略。 当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作主语时,选 This is a machine that can walk. 当先行词是指物的名词,关系词在句中作宾语时,选I like the present (that) my father sent me. 当先行词是指人的名词,关系词也可选用 that=whoThe boy that/who is playing football on the play ground is my brother.5. which当先行词是指物的名词时,关系词也可选用which ,它在句中作主语或宾语,which=that6. 下列情况下,关系词只能选
3、用 that 当先行词为不定代词 something, anything, nothing, everything 时 Is there anything that I can do for you? 当先行词为不定代词 all 时Mr. Li does all that he can to do his work well. 当先行词被 all, some, any 修饰时These are all the things that I have done today. 当先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时 This is the only computer that he often turns to for help. 当先行词被序数词,形容词最高级修饰时 This is the cleaning room that you can see here. time 作先行词,前面有序数词或 last 修饰时 This is the last time that I ll give you pocket money. 尽管先行词指人,但关系词在句中作表语时。He i
4、s no longer the child that he used to be 20 years ago 以 who 开头的特殊疑问句,尽管先行词指人。Who is the person that is sitting on the ground ? 当先行词包括人和物时。7. 下列情况下,关系词只能选 which 在非限制性定语从句中。This is my favorite pen, which I bought yesterday. 先行词不是一个词,而是前面整个句子的概念时The boy is very polite, which makes his parents happy. 当先行词指物,用“介词 +which ”This is the pen with which I often write.8. asAs 引导定语从句时,有四种情况。 As 在句中作主语,宾语。 as 单独引导定语从句。As we all know (=As is known to us all), Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. the sameas
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