医学考博病理学大纲及概念部分答案参考Medicalexaminationoutlineandpartoftheanswerreference

1、医学考博病理学大纲及概念部分答案(参考)（Medical examination outline and part of the answer (reference)）Medical examination outline and part of the answer (reference)uFenser (gold coin + 1) : thank you.Outline of the national medical examination center syllabus - pathologyThis outline is applicable to the professional basic courses for the national medical examination center in 2006The adaptation and injury of a cell and tissue1. Concept and classification of hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy and metaplasiaThe caus

2、es and pathogenesis of cell and tissue injury.2. The concept of degeneration and material precipitation, common types, morphological features and meanings3. The concept of necrosis, general pathological changes, types and types of pathological changes and necrotic outcomesThe concept of apoptosis, which is characterized by formRepair of the damageThe regenerative capacity and regeneration of various cells and tissues2. The concept of granulation tissue, morphological features and functions, endi

3、ng3. The process of wound healing, type and influencing factors4. The process of fracture healing and its influencing factorsThree local blood and fluid circulation disorders1. Concept and classification of congestion or congestion, pathological changes and consequences2. The concept of hemorrhage, classification, pathological changes and consequences3. The concept, condition and mechanism of thrombosis and the morphological characteristics of thrombus, the outcome and its effects on the bodyThe

4、 concept, etiology and outcome of diffuse blood vessel coagulation.The concept of embolism, the type of embolism and its effect on the organism5. The concept of infarction, etiology, type, pathological features, outcome and its effects on the bodyFour inflammation1. The concept of inflammation, etiology, basic pathology, the basic process and mechanism of acute inflammation effusion (including the types and features of inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, source, and the concept of role)2

5、. Local clinical manifestations of inflammation, systemic reaction, inflammation and the outcome of inflammation3. Pathological type of inflammation and its pathological characteristics4. The concept of inflammatory granuloma, inflammatory polyp, inflammatory pseudotumor and its pathological characteristicsFive tumor1. The concept of tumor, general characteristics, morphology and structure of atypia and tumor growth, metastasis of concept, approach and influence on the body, grading and staging

6、of the tumor and the concept of benign and malignant tumor and its effects on the body; The biological, invasive and metastatic mechanism of tumor growth.2. The name and classification of tumors, the difference between benign and malignant tumors, and the difference between cancer and sarcoma3. The concept of precancerous lesion, in situ carcinoma and borderline tumor, common precancerous lesion and borderline tumor, common tumor characteristics4. The etiology and pathogenesis of tumorImmunologi

7、cal disease1. The concept, type, pathogenesis and outcome of allergy.2. Concept, pathogenesis, typing and pathological changes of graft rejection (heart, lung, liver, kidney and bone marrow metastasis)3. Concept of graft versus host4. The concept, pathogenesis and influencing factors of autoimmune disease5. Etiology, pathogenesis and pathological changes of systemic lupus erythematosus6. Etiology, pathogenesis and pathological changes of rheumatoid arthritis7. Concept, classification and main ch

8、aracteristics of immunodeficiency disease.Six cardiovascular1. The concept of AS, etiology, pathogenesis and basic pathological changes (including secondary changes), the pathological changes and consequences of various organs caused by AS2. The concept of hypertension, etiology, pathogenesis, stage of benign hypertension and pathological changes, pathological features of malignant hypertension3. Pathogenesis of rheumatism, pathogenesis, basic pathological changes and pathological changes of org

9、ans4. Classification of endocarditis and its etiology, pathogenesis, pathological changes, complications and outcomes5. Type of valvular disease, pathological features, hemodynamic changes and clinicopathological connections6. The concept of cardiomyopathy, keshan disease, congestive cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy obstructive cardiomyopathy and occlusive cardiomyopathySeven respiratory system1. Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis, pathogenesis, pathologic changes, clinicopathological association and complications2. Concept of emphysema, classification.The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema is pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinicopathological associationThe concept of bronchial asthma, pathogenesis, pathogenesis, pathological changes and clinicopathologi

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