2018年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题（原卷）

1、?18 ? ? ?2018年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 1 页，共 15 页Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition _1_ many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 in the wrong place often carries a high 3 4 why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. -=5-people place their trust in a

2、n individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct that prompts humans to -7- with one another. Scientists have found that exposure 8 this-=-hormone puts us in a trusting 9 : fu a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else. 11 for us, we also have a

3、 sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate -=-1 =-3- a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, Whats in here? before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, Wow! Each subject was then invited to look 15 . Half of them found a toy; the other half _ l-6 _ the container was empty - and realized the tester had 17 the

4、m. Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. 19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the 20 tester participated in a follow-up activity. .1. (-3-14 yf) 2018年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 2 页，共 15 页1. AJ onBJ like CJ for DJ from 2. AJ faithBJ concern CJ attention DJ interest 3. AJ benefitB debtCJ hope D price4. A J ThereforeBJ Then CJ Instead DJ Again 5. AJ UntilB Unless C Altho

5、ughD When6. AJ selectsB producesC appliesD maintains7. AJ consultBJ compete CJ connect DJ compare 8. AJ atB byCJ of D to9. AJ contextB moodCJ period D circle10. AJ counterparts BJ substitutesCJ colleagues DJ supporters 11. AJ Funny B LuckyCJ Odd D Ironic12. AJ monitorBJ protect CJ surprise DJ delight 13. AJ betweenB withinCJ toward D over14. AJ transferredBJ added CJ introduced DJ entrusted 15. AJ outB backCJ around D inside16. AJ discoveredB provedC insistedD remembered17. AJ betrayedBJ wronged

6、 CJ fooled D mocked18. AJ forcedBJ willing C hesitantD entitled19. AJ In contrastB As a resultCJ On the whole D For instance20. AJ inflexibleBJ incapable CJ unreliable DJ unsuitable Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) .2. (-3-14 yf) 2018年全国硕士研究生考试英语（一）真题第 3 页，共 15 页Text 1 Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that

7、will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs? Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations - trucking, financial advice, software engineering - have aroused their interest, or soon

8、 will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine. This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the

9、 medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting. The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums - from grammar school to college - should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supple

10、ment the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt. The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers a

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