英国文学 John Dryden.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,,第二级,,第三级,,第四级,,第五级,,,*,John Dryden,,,,,John Dryden,,(August 9,1631 – May 1,1700),,,,An influential English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright who dominated the literary life of,Restoration England,,the period came to be known in literary circles as the Age of Dryden.,,,Walter Scott,called him "Glorious John." He was made,Poet Laureate,in 1667,,Life and Career,,In 1631 ,Dryden was born in the nearby,,village of,Titchmarsh,,,Northamptonshire,,where he received his first education.,,,In 1644,he went to,Westminster Schoo,l,,,In1649, his first published poem,,,,,,,In 1650, Dryden went up to,Trinity College, Cambridge,,,In 1654, he obtained his BA, graduating top of the list for Trinity that year.,,,In 1654, Dryden’s father died, leaving him some land which generated a little income, but not enough to live on.,,,,In 1658, at Cromwell’s funeral, Dryden processed with the Puritan poets,John Milton,and,Andrew Marvell,.,,,In 1658,he published his first important poem,,Heroique,Stanzas,, a eulogy on Cromwell’s death which is cautious and prudent in its emotional display.,,,In 1660 Dryden celebrated the,Restoration,of the monarchy and the return of,Charles,II,with,,Astraea,,Redux,,,,,After the Restoration, Dryden quickly established himself as the leading poet and literary critic of his day and he transferred his allegiances to the new government.,,,In November 1662 Dryden was proposed for membership in the,Royal Society,, and was selected an early fellow. However, Dryden was inactive in Society affairs and in 1666 was expelled for non-payment of his dues.,,,On December 1,1663 Dryden married the royalist sister of Sir,Robert Howard,—Lady Elizabeth.,,,,,,,,From 1668 on he was contracted to produce three plays a year for the,King's Company,.,,,He led the way in,Restoration comedy,, his best known work being,Marriage,à,la Mode,(1672), as well as heroic tragedy and regular tragedy, in which his greatest success was,All for Love,(1678).,,,In 1667, his dramatic career began, he published,Annus,Mirabilis,,,Poet Laureate,(1668) and historiographer royal (1670).,,,,,,In 1665 ,Dryden wrote,Of,Dramatick,,Poesie,(1668), arguably the best of his unsystematic prefaces and essays. Dryden constantly defended his own literary practice, and,Of,Dramatick,,Poesie,, the longest of his critical works,,,,His best heroic play was,Aureng-zebe,(1675). His play,All for Love,(,1678) was written in blank verse, and was to immediately follow,Aureng-Zebe,.,,,In 1679 he was attacked in an alley near his home in,Covent Garden,by thugs hired by,John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester,.,,,,Dryden's greatest achievements were in satiric verse:,the mock-heroic,MacFlecknoe,,,,,Dryden's,main goal,in the work is to ",satirize Shadwell, ostensibly for his offenses against literature but more immediately we may suppose for his habitual badgering of him on the stage and in print,.”,,,This line of satire continued with,Absalom and,Achitophel,(1681) and,The Medal,(1682).,,,His other major works from this period are the religious poems,Religio,,Laici,(1682), his 1683 edition of,Plutarch's,Lives Translated From the Greek by Several Hands,and,The Hind and the Panther,,,(1687),,,,When in 1688 James was deposed, Dryden’s refusal to take the oaths of allegiance to the new government left him out of,favour,at court. Thomas Shadwell succeeded him as Poet Laureate, and he was forced to give up his public offices and live by the proceeds of his pen.,,,Dryden translated works by,Horace,,,Juvenal,,,Ovid,,,Lucretius,, and,Theocritus,, In 1694 he began work on what would be his most ambitious and defining work as translator.,,,Dryden died on May 1, 1700, and was initially buried in St. Anne's cemetery in,Soho,, before being exhumed and reburied in,Westminster Abbey,ten days later.,,,,,,,References,:,,,Wikipedia,,,,,,,,。