2009年全国职称英语等级考试卫生类C级阅读文章译文.doc

1 Importance of Childrens Oral Health 儿童口腔健康卫生的重要性February is National Childrens Dental （牙齿的）Health Month，but in children good oral care is criticalevery day. The first comprehensive study on the nations oral health，released recently by the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General，calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic （流行病），” even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness.In fact，a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children. 二月份是国家法定儿童牙齿健康月，但是日常良好的儿童口腔护理师至关重要的。

最近美国公共卫生局办公室做的第一次有关口腔卫生健康的综合调查，称牙科以及口腔疾病为一种“流行病”，甚至在儿童身上报道说每年因为相关的牙科疾病要葬送大约1500万个学习日实际上，近期的一个调查称牙科健康护理是美国儿童最普遍而未能满足的健康需求 To help counter this，the American Academy of Periodontology （牙周病学）（AAP）is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children.为了防范，美国牙科疾病科学会正在努力教育孩子和家长有关如何防御儿童时期的牙科疾病This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating，speaking and attending to learning，” said Michael McGuire，president of the AAP.美国牙科疾病科学会会长Michael McGuire说：“这之所以重要是因为口腔的文艺可能会影响到孩子的自尊，甚至导致饮食、言语以及上学等问题”　　Common dental problems seen in children are cavities （龋洞）and gingivitis （龈牙），which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these problems are not caught early and treated，they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering，” said McGuire “However，much of the time，oral problems are avoidable problems.”普遍的可见性的儿童牙科疾病是龋洞和龈牙，绝大多数美国儿童都患有此类疾病。

McGuire 说：“当这些问题没有被及早发现和治疗的话，它们就可能发展成更严重的问题并造成没必要的痛苦，但是，大多数时候，口腔疾病是可以避免的In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas，a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school.在德州的里奥格兰德山谷，一群大约120人的牙医志愿者每年都自愿带着可移动性牙科治疗仪挨个学校的给上成千的低收入家庭儿童进行牙科护理According to the Surgeon Generals Report，about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school，” said McGuire. “When children dont see dentists they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger，more expensive problems to treat，and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.”“据卫生局报道，大约37%的儿童在入学前没有看过牙医”McGuire 说。

因为他们不看牙医，在他们发展成治疗起来更复杂，更昂贵的牙科病之前就错失了发现问题的时机，同时家长也错失了学会如何督促孩子从小养成良好口腔卫生习惯的时机Understanding Autism理解孤独症1 Autism （孤独症）is a life-long developmental disability that prevents individuals from properly understanding what they see，hear，and otherwise sense. This results in severe problems of social relationships，communication，and behavior. Individuals with autism have to painstakingly （费力地）learn normal patterns of speech and communication，and appropriate ways to relate to people，objects，and events，in a similar manner to those who have had a stroke. 孤独症是一种终生的发展性残疾，它会妨碍一个人正常的理解自己视觉、听觉以及其他的感觉；会导致严重的社会关系、交流以及行为方面的问题。

孤独症患者不得不很吃力的学习正常的言语和交流方式，以及接人待物的适当方法，与中风患者很类似2 The cause of autism is still unknown. Some research suggests a physical problem affecting those parts of the brain that process language and information coming in from the senses. There may be some imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain. Genetic （遗传的）factors may sometimes be involved. Autism may indeed result from a combination of several “causes”孤独症的病因还不为人知有研究暗示是身体上的问题，这些问题会影响处理来自于感官的语言和信息的大脑区域也可能是大脑中的某些化学物质失衡有时候与遗传因素也有关系孤独症甚至可能是多种原因综合引起的3 Most people with mental retardation （智力迟钝的）show relatively even skill development. Individuals with autism，however，typically show uneven skill development，with deficits （~欠缺）in certain areas - most frequently in their ability to communicate and relate to others - and distinct skills in other areas. It is important to distinguish autism from mental retardation or other disorders，since diagnostic （诊断的）confusion may lead to inappropriate and ineffective treatment techniques.绝大多数智力缺陷的患者一定程度上反映了技能发展的均衡性。

但是，孤独症患者典型地反映了技能发展的不均衡性某些方面的欠缺性——最常见的是与他人交流与交际方面的能力以及其他方面的独特性区分孤独症与智力缺陷以及其他精神疾病是很重要的因为诊断模糊混乱可能会造成不恰当的以及无效的治疗方法　　4 In general，individuals with autism perform best at jobs which are structured and involve a degree of repetition. Some people who have autism are working as artists，piano tuners，painters，farm workers，office workers，computer operators，dishwashers，assembly line workers，or employees of sheltered workshops or other sheltered work settings.通常说来，孤独症患者在组织性的以及重复性的工作上表现会很出色一些孤独症患者正从事着艺术家、钢琴调音师、油漆匠、农场工人，办公职员、计算厂机操作员、洗碗工、装配线工人、福利厂以及其他福利场所的雇员工作。

第一篇 Calling for Safe Celebrations要安全的庆祝Last Fourth of July，Pete，a 14-year-old boy，was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the fireworks （烟花）being set off in his neighborhood. Suddenly，the evening took a terrible turn. A bottle rocket shot into his eye，immediately causing him terrible pain His family rushed 。