五种特殊句型.docx

五种特殊句型-、祈使句（一） 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型：1. 行为动词原形+其它成分例如：Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句2. Be动词+其它成分（形容词、名词或介词短语等）例如：Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分例如：Let him go back now让他现在回去吧二） 祈使句的否定句式，通常情况下在句首加上Don' t或Never, 一般分为以下三种类 型：1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don' t，构成Don' t+行为动词原形+其它成分例如：Don' t say that agai n!别再那样说了！2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don' t，构成Don' t be+其它成分（形容词、名词或介 词短语等）例如：Don' t be careless.不要粗心注意：在这种句型中be不能省略；否定副词not不可置于be之后3•在公共场合的提示语中，否定祈使句常用No+名词/V-ing形式结构，表示禁止做某事例 如：NO PHOTOS!禁止拍照！（三） 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won' to 在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是形式一致，即Yes与will保持一致； No与won' t保持一致。

二是意思相反，即Yes是不的意思；No是“是"的意思在回答 时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件Don' t go out, please. It' s raining heavily outside.——Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.二、感叹句 表示喜、怒、乐等强烈感情时用感叹句感叹句分为两种：一种以what引导，一种以how 引导句尾用感叹号“！”通常用感叹号例：What a clever boy he is!例: How clever the boy is!（一） What引导的感叹句！what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：1. What +a（an） + （形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What an apple this is! What a fine day it is!2. What+（形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！What kind women they are! What nice music it is!（二） How引导的感叹句由How引导的感叹句how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。

其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is!How quickly the boy is writing!注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前How the runner runs!（三）what与how引导的感叹句，可以相互转换，转换后意义不变What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is!What a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is!在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略如：What a nice present!（省略 it is）How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）三、反义疑问句（前肯后否，后否前肯）Jim is doing his homework, isn' t he?Tom wasn' t watching TV at 8 yesterday, was he?You went to Beijing yesterday, didif t you?You knew nothing about him, ?There is little water in the cup, ?There are a few apples in the bag, ?（一）反意疑问句特殊情况1, 当陈述部分含有 little/few/never/hardly/seldom/no/neither/nobody/nothing,none 等表示否定意 义的词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。

She has few friends, does she?She has never been there,has she?There was nothing in the box, there?None of us knows it, we?2, 当陈述部分否定意义的词如：unhappy, dislike,careless等含有否定词缀在派生词时，仍按 肯定句对待，疑问部分用否定形式He looks unhappy today, doesn' t he ?The girl dislikes history , she?3, 陈述部分为I think/believe/suppose引导的宾语从句，疑问部分根据从句的情况及整句 所表达的肯定或否定意义来完成I think he is at home isn' t he?I don' t believe Tom can succeed, can he ?4, 当陈述部分是there be句型时，There are some apples. aren' t there?There will be robots in people' s home in the future, won' t there?5, 省略的感叹句的反意疑问句一律使用否定形式，并用be的一般现在时。

What a clever boy， isn' t he?What beautiful girls, aren' t they?6, 祈使句的反意疑问句Please close the door, won' t you?Don' t close the door, will you?Let开头的祈使句Let' s go, shall we?Let us go, will you?7，陈述部分是 I am..，疑问部分要用 aren' t I. I' m as tall as your sister，aren' t I ?&陈述部分有have to +v.原（had to + v.原）,疑问部分常用don ‘t +主语（didn' t +主语）We have to get there at eight, don't we?9,陈述部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主语通常与主句的主语一致She said he would come tomorrow, didn' t she?He told us how to get to the farm, didn' t he?（二）前否后肯的反意疑问句如何回答l.It is a fine day ,isn' t it?Yes, it is. No, it isn' t.2. It isn' t a fine day, is it?Yes（不）, it is. No（是的），it isn' t.注意：永远不可能出现yes后面跟否定形式或者no后面永远不可能跟肯定形式的情况四、 （一）It作形式主语It+is / was+形容词 +（for / of sb.） +动词不定式短语（to do sth）对于这个句型中究竟用for还是用of, 一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的 形容词，如：difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定 式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind, good, nice, clever等则用of。

It is interesting to play with snow in winter.It' s important for us to keep the water clean.It' s very kind of you to say so.这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等It' s a good habit to get up early and go to bed early.It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.It feels strange to have a twin sister.It+is / was+形容词+从句It is certain that he will come.It' s true that he may fall behind the other students.It is strange that he should say so.（二） 其他it作形式主语1.It +is / was +one' s turn （duty, pleasure） +to do sth.意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。

如: It' s your turn to be on duty tomorrow.2.It takes （sb.） some time to do sth.意为“（某人）花 时间做某事”如:It took me a week to finish reading the book.3.It +cost / costs +sb.+some money +to do sth.译为“某人花多少钱做某事”如: It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch.4.It seems / seemed +从句译为“看起来好像 ”，此结构可以转换成“seem +动词不定式”形式如： It seems that he is ill.=He seems to be ill.（三） It作形式宾语it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式/动名词/从句该 句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.We think it no good reading in bed.I think it necessary that we have the meeting.五、 倒装句常见的倒装句形式1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。

如：There once lived an old hunter in the house.There seems to be many listeners.2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用)，全句需要全部倒装 如:Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn.3. 注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装如:Here t。