
必修3U1Grammar.ppt
38页情态动词有一定的意义,但没有人称和数情态动词有一定的意义,但没有人称和数的变化,不能独立使用,它和后面的动词的变化,不能独立使用,它和后面的动词构成谓语.构成谓语.只作情态动词的 只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to,, must可情态可实义的 可情态可实义的 need, dare/dared可情态可助动词的 可情态可助动词的 shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1) 情态动词情态动词 不能单独做谓语不能单独做谓语, 除除ought used 和和have 外外, 后面只能接不带后面只能接不带to 的不的不定式 2) 情态动词没有人称情态动词没有人称, 数的变化数的变化, 但有些情但有些情态动词态动词, 如如can、、will也有一般式和过去式也有一般式和过去式的变化3) 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区别形式并不是时间区别的主要标志的主要标志, 不少情况下不少情况下, 情态动词的现在情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。
过去时间和将来时间 can和和could的用法的用法::1. 表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请表示能力或客观可能性,还可以表示请求和允许如:求和允许如:Can you finish this work tonight?Man cannot live without air.— Can I go now? — Yes, you can. 2. 表示猜测主要用在否定句、疑问句中表示猜测主要用在否定句、疑问句中Can this be true?How can you be so careless!This can’t be done by him. 3) could的主要用法是:的主要用法是: A. could 是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldn’t be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语但语气较气较can客气、委婉客气、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3. “can(could) + have + done”表示对表示对过去发生的行为的猜测。
如:过去发生的行为的猜测如:eg. They can't have gone out because the light is still on.may和和might的用法的用法1.表示许可表示请求、允许时,表示许可表示请求、允许时,might比比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时要用要用mustn't表示表示“不可以不可以”、、“禁止禁止”、、“阻止阻止”之意如:之意如:You may drive the car.— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn't. ---No, you’d better not. 用用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较征询对方许可在文体上比较正式,在口气上比较客气正式,在口气上比较客气 在日常口语中,用在日常口语中,用Can I ... 征询对方意征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见见在现代口语中更为常见2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿如:用于祈使句中表示祝愿如:May you succeed!3. 表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)。
表示推测、可能(疑问句不能用于此意)He may be very busy now.4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词过去分词”表示表示对过去发生的行为的推测如:对过去发生的行为的推测如:He may not have finished the work.will和和would:: 1. will是助动词或是情态动词?是助动词或是情态动词? will用于构成将来时是助动词用于用于构成将来时是助动词用于表示表示“意志意志”“决心决心”“请求请求”是情态是情态动词would亦同理 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事我要告诉你一些重要的事 (助动词)(助动词) Will you tell her that I'm here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿,好吗?请您告诉她说我在这儿,好吗? (情态动词)(情态动词) 2. 表示请求、建议等,表示请求、建议等,would比比will委婉客委婉客气。
如:气如:Would you pass me the book?3. 表示意志、愿望和决心如:表示意志、愿望和决心如:I will never do that again.They asked if we would do that again.3. 用用“will be”和和“will(would) + have + 过过去去分分词词”的的结结构构表表示示推推测测,,主主要要用用于于第第二二、、三三人人称称前前者者表表示示对对目目前前情情况况的的推推测测,,后后者者表表示示对对已已经经完完成成的的动动作作或或事事态态的的推推测测如如::This will be the book you want.He will have arrived by now.The guests would have arrived by that time.4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向Would表过去习惯时比表过去习惯时比used to正式,正式,并没有并没有“现已无此习惯现已无此习惯”的含义 shall和和should:: 1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。
用于构成将来时是助动词 shall用于征求对方的意见,表示用于征求对方的意见,表示 “决决心心” 是情态动词是情态动词 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光可能今年冬天我会去英国观光 (构成一般将来时(构成一般将来时, 助动词)助动词) Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈,我们乘火车去好吗?妈妈,我们乘火车去好吗? (用于征求对方的意见,情态动词)(用于征求对方的意见,情态动词) I shall go at once. 我必须立即去我必须立即去 (表(表 “决心决心”,情态动词),情态动词) 2. should表示义务、建议、劝告,意表示义务、建议、劝告,意为为 “应该应该” “should+ have+过去分过去分词词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做表示本应该在过去做但没有做 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。
你应该遵守诺言 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的她应该通过考试的3.此此外外,,Why(or How) + should结结构构表表示示说说话话人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思人对某事不能理解,感到意外、惊异等意思,意为,意为,“竟会竟会”Why should you be so late today? — Where is Betty living?— How should I know? — 我我怎怎么么会会知知道道呢呢??I don't know why you should think that I did it. 4. Should还可以用在还可以用在if引导的条件从句,引导的条件从句,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能相当于是完全没有可能相当于“万一万一”的意的意思从句谓语由思从句谓语由should加动词原形构成,加动词原形构成,如:如: Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她,请让她给我打个。
你万一见到她,请让她给我打个If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意,请通知我万一你改变主意,请通知我 must和和 have to1.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定回答用must否定式用否定式用 needn’t或或don’t have to,做,做 “不必不必”,mustn’t表示表示“禁止,不允许禁止,不允许” — Must I finish all assignments at a time? —Yes, you must. No, you needn't. I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.2.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时,这个意思时,must 和和have to 稍有区别稍有区别must着重说明主观着重说明主观看法,看法,have to 强调客观需要。
另外,强调客观需要另外,have to 能用于更多时态能用于更多时态 You must be the new teacher. He must be joking. There is nobody here. They must have all gone home. 3.must表示对某人某事的猜测表示对某人某事的猜测, 作作“准准是是”, “一定一定” , 一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中它的否定或疑问式用它的否定或疑问式用can’t对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done Hey, must you play piano so late in the night ? Everyone is sleeping!4. must表示表示“偏要偏要, 硬要硬要”, 指做令人不快指做令人不快的事情的事情 2. A: ______ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he _____________. 1. A: ______ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday? B: Yes, I _____________________ _________.Would’d like to go with you on SaturdayCouldcouldn’t find itExercise 3. A: _____ I go with my friend to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you _________________ ________. 4. A: If I want to be a doctor _______ I study science? B: Yes, you __________________. should study scienceMay may go ( with your shouldfriends )5. A: He is very handsome. ____ he play the role of the prince? B: No, he _______________________ ______. can’t play the role of theCanprince1. ----____ I go out to play, mum?2. ----No, you___. You should do your 3. homework first.4. A. Might; wouldn’t5. B. May; had better not6. C. Must; mustn’t7. D. Need; mustn’tB练习坊练习坊I. Choose the correct answer.2. ---Where is Emma? ---I can’t say for sure where she is, but she___ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. mayD3. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. may have been D. would beA4. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story when you have covered only part of the article? A. should B. must C. need D. mayA5. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’tC6.---There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ____a comfortable journey. ( ) A. can't be B. mustn't have been C. shouldn't be D. couldn't have beenD7.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ___ get out. ( ) A. had to B. would C. could D. was able toD8. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure. A.must B. can C. may D. willC9. --- Could I call you by your first name? --- Yes, you____. A. will B. could C. may D. mightC10. Sorry, I ’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A.might B. should C. can D. willA11.--Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.--You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.A.shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’tA12. ---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They _____be ready by 12 : 00. A. can B. should C. might D. needB13. With so much work on hand, you __ to see the game last night. A. mustn’t go B. could have goneC. shouldn’t go D. shouldn’t have goneD14.Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you ____ hurt yourself. A. won't ; can't B. mustn't ; mayC. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; wouldn'tB15.There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _____? A. didn’t they B. don’t they C. mustn’t they D. haven’t theyD16. I missed the bus, so I __ go home on foot. A. must B. may C. can D. had toD1. “____ you walk without my help?” Father asked his little son.2. He ___________ be married, but I’m not sure.3. What you said _____ be true, but I just couldn’t believe you. Canmay / mightmightII. 用括号中所给的情态动词用括号中所给的情态动词(can / could, may / might, will / would, shall / should, must) 填空。
填空4. Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class. She _____ have studied very hard.5. ______ you like to give me a hand when I go upstairs?6. _____ we go to the cinema?mustWouldShall7. We ___ help him to solve the problem if he asks us to.8. He hurt his foot and _____ not play football.9. As students, we ______ study hard.willcouldshould。
