计算机英语译文和答案.pdf

1 Computer Basics Unit 1 My Computer Section A II ．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1． artificial intelligence 人工智能2． paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机3． optical computer 光学计算机4． neural network 神经网络5． instruction set 指令集6． parallel processing 平行处理7． difference engine 差分机8． versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件9． silicon substrate 硅基10．vacuum tube 真空管（电子管）11．the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理12．very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路13．central processing unit 中央处理器14．personal computer 个人计算机15．analogue computer 模拟计算机16．digital computer 数字计算机17．general-purpose computer 通用计算机18．processor chip 处理器芯片19．operating instructions 操作指令20．input device 输入设备III ． Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital . They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer ’ s speed, size, cost, and abilities. Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIV AC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation 2 computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistorsreplaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integrationenabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combinevery-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing 。

Section B1． circuit board 电路板2． beta testing β测试3． thin-client computer 瘦客户机电脑4． cell phone 蜂窝（移动）5． digital video 数码摄像机，数码影视6． Pentium processor 奔腾处理器7． virtual screen 虚拟屏幕8． desktop computer specifications 台式计算机规格9． radio frequency 射频10．wearable computer 可佩带式计算机ection C1． Windows Registry 视窗注册表2． swap file 交换文件3． TMP file 临时文件4． power plug 电源插头5． free disk space 可用磁盘空间6． Control Panel 控制面板7． Start Menu 开始菜单8． Add/Remove Programs option 添加∕删除程序选项Unit 2 Computer ArchitectureSection A 1． information retrieval 信息检索2． voice recognition module 语音识别模块3． touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区4． address bus 地址总线5． flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6． dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）3 7． parallel connection 并行连接8． cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9． video game 电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）10．audio signal 音频信号11．operating system 操作系统12．LCD (liquid crystal display) 液晶显示（器）13．inkjet printer 喷墨打印机14．data bus 数据总线15．serial connection 串行连接16．volatile memory 易失性存储器17．laser printer 激光打印机18．disk drive 磁盘驱动器19．BIOS (Basic Input Output System) 基本输入输出系统20．video display 视频显示器CD-ROM stands for compact disk read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical disks use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disk, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas (called “pits ”) on its bottom surface . The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0. Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read -only ” disk . Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted by the publisher. A single CD-ROM disk can store 650 megabytes of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disk, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate. Section B1． ISA slot ISA 总线槽2． configuration register 配置寄存器3． still camera 静物照相机4． token packet 令牌包5． expansion hub 扩展集线器6． USB（Universal Serial Bus ）通用串行总线7． root hub 根集线器8． I/O device 输入输出设备9． control frame 控制帧10．PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) 外部设备互连4 Section C 1． video tape 录像带2． aspect ratio （电视、电影图像的）高宽比，纵横比3． CD-RW 可擦写光驱4． laser diode 激光二极管5． reflective layer 反射层6． optical disk 光盘7． high resolution 高分辨率8．floppy disk 软盘Unit 3 Operating System Section A 1． data set 数据集2． pointing device 指点设备3． graphical user interface 图形化用户界面4． time-slice multitasking 分时多任务处理5． object-oriented programming 面向对象编程6． click on an icon 点击图标7． context switching 上下文转换8． distributed system 分布式系统9． pull-down lists of commands 命令的下拉列表10．simultaneous access 同时访问11．command-line interface 命令行界面12．multitasking environment 多任务化环境13．spreadsheet program 电子制表程序14．main memory 主存15．storage media 存储介质16．disk file 磁盘文件17．command interpreter 命令解释器18．network connection 网络连接19．DOS (disk operating system) 磁盘操作系统20．co。