11.第十一章 关系词(54-60).doc

11.第十一章 关系词（54-60）关系词关系代名词的种类关系代名词=连接词 +代名词 (代名词就是代替名词，功能避免重复)We met a man. The man directed us to the factory.= We met a man and he directed us to the factory. and (连接词 )+he(代名词)= who.= we met a man who directed us to the factory. (在关系代词前面的词是先行词，关系代词= 先行词，who 也是主词)一. 关系代名词的种类和格主格+(动词)I have a friend who (=that) likes music very much. (that 是人,物,事物都可以用的关系词)Who (=that) likes music very much. 又是形容词子句;补充说明 friend;Who 也是主词所有格+(名词)The student whose mother died yesterday is absent today. (whose 是人,物,事物都可以用的)The student whose mother died yesterday, 整个句子是大主词.whose mother died yesterday.是形容词子句修饰 friend.The student is absent today. 仍是主要字句受格+(主词+动词 +)This is the man whom I spoke of. =This is the man that I spoke of.=This is the man I spoke of. (受格的关系代名词可以省略 )二.关系代名词的用法格 先行词主格+V 所有格+N 受格+S+V+(介词)人 who whose whom1. I don’t like people.They lost their tempers easily. 这句讲的是 People. [lost 是动词,动词前面用主格 who]=I don’t like people [who lose their tempers easily.]2. I have a classmate.Her mother is a famous singer. = I have a classmate whose mother is a famous singer. [mother 是名词，名词前面用所有格 whose.]3. I met some friends. whomI hadn’t seen them for ages. (是受格关代 )= I met some friends whom I hadn’t seen for ages. (受格关代还可以省略)注意：人称代名词的受格关代会在动词或介词的后面。

关系代名词的受格关代会在拿到主词，动词的前面，因为要紧跟先行词4.不吃肉类的人称为素食主义者People who don’t eat meat are called vegetarian. 5.所有你所照顾的孩子都会喜爱游泳 （先行词是所有的孩子）All the children (whom) you take care of, will enjoy swimming. 重点句子 enjoy+Ving…关代种类的表格格 先行词主格+V 所有格+N 受格+S+V+(介词)事,物, 动物 which WhoseOf whichWhich1. English is a language.It is spoken all over the world.= English is a language [which is spoken all over the world.] (language=it , it 是主词，关系代词用 which.)2. He looked for a car.Its engine was in good condition. (car=its; engine 是名词，名词前面用所有格)= He looked for a car [whose engine was in good condition.] (whose 用的最多)He looked for a car.The engine of the car was in good condition. = He looked for a car the engine of which was in good condition.= He looked for a car of which the engine was in good condition.3. Where is the parcel?We received it this morning. (it 是动词后面的受格，所以用受格关代 which.并紧跟先行词 parcel.)= Where is the parcel [which we received this morning?] (受格关代的 which 还可以省略)4.这是一份[必须[被]更正的] 声明 。

This is a statement [which must be corrected.] (must be 是动词，动词前面用主格)关代种类的表格格先行词主格+V 所有格+N 受格+S+V+(介词)人,事物, 动物 that Which1.他正在和一位红发女孩儿谈恋爱He is in love with a girl who (=that) has red hair. (主格关代不可以省略)2.棒球是[大多数男孩喜欢的]运动Baseball is the sport which (=that) most boys like. 重点：下列情形只能以 that 做为关系代名词先行词前有最高级,序数1.今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experienced. (the coldest 为最高级,因此关代用 that)2.头一件你需要做的事就是研读数学The first thing that you have to do is (to) study mathematics.(first thing 是序数所以用 that, that 又是受格关代，所以可以省略)先行词同时有人和事物The driver and the car [that had fallen into the sea] were quickly recovered.先行词中有疑问词 who, which – 避免重复Who [that has common sense] could believe such a thing?(疑问句 Who 后面是 has 动词，一次关代用 that)Which is the picture Mary painted? (先行词是 picture, 后面是主词 +动词，受格关代应该用 which 避免重复所以用that)先行词为 the only, the very, the same 等He is the only man that I love.先行词为不定式名词…… thingAll that said was not truth.My brother fired about anything that needed repairing.重点：关系代名词和介词 （受格+S+V+介词）1. Is that the man?You lent the money to him. (受格关代如果紧跟先行词，必须紧跟先行词。

) = Is that the man whom (=that) you lent the money to. (whom(=that) 也可以省略掉him 改成关代 Is that the man [to whom you lent the money?](如果介系词拿到受格关系代名词的前面，关代不能再用 that 了受格关系代名词也不能省略)2.那班我正在等的火车现在已经晚了 30 分钟了The train [which I am waiting for] is half an hour late now.= The train for which I am waiting is half an hour late now.若为动词/ 形容词+介词，组成的片语时，介词只能放后面This is the man [whom I worked with.]= This is the man with whom I worked.思考方式： I worked with the man. (with 解释为和….一起工作这里的受格关代不可以省略，不可以用 that)This is the habit which you must to do with. 戒掉习惯： do with the habit. (在这个例句里面， with 不能拿到 which 的前面，因为 do with 在这里是一个动词短语，具有独特意义，所以不能拿到前面去。

)总结：如果后面的介词是单独的介词，可以放到受格关代的前面，如果它是一个介词短语或动词短语，不可以拆开，也不可以拿到受格关代的前面重点：关系代名词的省略受格关代可省略1.我们在街上遇见的女士是我们的老师The lady [whom we met on the street] is our teacher. (whom 是受格关代可以省略)当补语的主格关代可省略She was a cheerful girl.She is not the cheerful girl. 2 个句子：一个是现在式，一个是过去式，并且对象相同，要以现在式为主要字句，那么 she was a cheerful girl 是副词字句副词字句里面的 a cheerful girl 可以省略)She is not the cheerful girl (that) she was. (be 动词后面是补语，that 代替了 a cheerful girl 所以 that 在这里是补语，补语的主格关代还可以省略)There / Here Be V 的句型中，关代可省略有[人想要见你.] There is someone (who) wants to meet you.关代后有 There / here be V 时，关代可省略1.这是这家店里唯一的一个蝴蝶领结。

分析：This is the only bow tie.这是唯一的蝴蝶领结There is a bow tie in this store.这家店里的蝴蝶领结This is the only bow tie (that) there is in this store. (因为先行词是 the only,所以关代用的是 that)格先行词主格+V 所有格+N 受格+S+V+(介词)含先行词(what 在这里没有中文释)what ---- WhatWhat=the thing(s) whichAll thatAnything thatWhat 扮演者 3 格角色：1.先行词 2. 代名词 3. 连接词1.我所要的是心灵平静What I want is peace of mind. (What= The thing which I want) is peace of mind.2.她告诉侦探们[他们想要知道的]所有的事情 所有 all 受格关代用 that)She told the detectives al。