2022年初中英语动词不定式用法梳理及练习题.docx

精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中学英语动词不定式用法动词不定式是由“ 不定式符号to+动词原形” 构成的一种非谓语动词结构；有些动词不定式不带 to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用；不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等；动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语；一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情形不多,多数情形用it 作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特殊是不定式短语较长时；动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末；如：1. I t is our duty to try our best to deal with these problems. 2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. 3.How to learn English well is important. 〕 4.To see is to believe.〔眼见为实；百闻不如一见 二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特点；如： 1.The best way is to join an English club. 2.The first thing is to listen to the teacher carefully. 三、用作宾语1.可以接带to 的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求挑选同意〔ask, choose, agree〕,期望打算学习 〔expect, hope, decide, learn〕,宁可假装知道 〔prefer, pretend, know〕 ,期望想要情愿 〔wish, want, would like / love〕 ；如：1〕We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. 2〕He prefers to eat white bread and rice. 3〕Id love to visit Mexico. 2.动词 decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell... ,介词结构 on...可用疑问词带 to 的 to；如：不定式短语作宾语,但 why 后面的不定式不带 1〕Could you please tell me where to park my car. 2〕It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. 3.动词 feel, find, make, think 等后面,可以用 it 作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是 ...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do... ；如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 4.既可接动词不定式又可接 ving 形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有 begin, start, like, love 等；一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的详细动作、将来动作 或动作的全过程, ving 形式表习惯性的连续动作；但是这种区分并不很严格,特殊是美国英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式；如：1〕 Then I started to watch Tv. 2〕 I am beginning to understand my parents. begin 用了进行时态, 后面只接不定式作宾语, 表示事情刚开头, 仍要连续下去；3〕 I like to eat vegetables. 感知动词 like, love, know 等一般不用进行时态；5.后接动词不定式或ving 形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等；后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生；后接1 ving 形式作宾语,表动作已经名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 发生； stop to do 停下来做另外一件事, to do 是目的状语； stop doing 停止做、不做当前这件事, doing 是宾语；try to do 尽力做,try doing 试试看；go on to do 接着做另外的事, go on doing 连续做原先的事；如：1〕When I left home, I forgot to bring it with me. 2〕I stopped using them last year. 四、用作定语1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的规律主语,等存在规律的动宾关系 . 1〕I have so many clothes to wash today. 2〕I can’ t think of any good advice to give her. 不定式与其所修饰的名词、 代词3〕We have no houses to live in. 2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是 动状关系或同位关系；如： place, time, way 等时,不定式与这些名词出现出 1〕He needs time to do homework. 2〕 He wants to know the best way to travel around the city. 3.在“ there be...” 句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象：1〕There’ s just so much to see and do here. 2〕... but there are still many things to do there. 五、用作宾语补足语1.带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求答应提议 〔ask, allow, , advise〕,期望邀请勉励 〔expect, , invite, encourage〕,教诲告知想要 〔teach, tell, want〕 ,等待期望情愿 〔wait for, wish, would like / love〕 ；如：1〕Id invite her to have dinner at my house. 2 We should allow the children to choose their own clothes. to 时多数动词 2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带 to,被动语态句里带 是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“ 看” ：look at, observe, see, watch,三“ 让” ：have, let, make,二“ 听” ：hear, listen to,一“ 感觉” ：feel,一“ 留意” ：notice；如： 1〕This picture makes me feel excited ！2〕We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week. 3.help 后接动词不定式作补语, to 可带可不带；1〕 they can help you to learn English. 2〕Using email English helps you write quickly. 六、用作状语1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首经常表示强调；如：1〕In order to catch the early bus, she got up very early. 2〕A group of young people got together to discuss this question. 3〕She came to this city to visit her daughter. 2.缘由状语,多见于“ sb.+be+adj.+to do... ” 结构句中；如：1〕 I feel very lucky to have him. 2〕 he ran out of money to buy old bikes. 3.结果状语,多见于“ too...to” ,“ enough to...” 结构句中；如：1〕 I’ m too tired to do it well. 2〕The room is big enough for three people to live in. 七、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth. ”,for / of 引出不定式动作的逻辑主语；这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等；不定式复合结构的介词用for 仍是 of,主要打算于前面形容词的性质；一般说来,of2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性；for 前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary 前面假如是名词用 for ；如：等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,1.It ’ s a good idea for parents to allow children to study in groups during the evening. 2.It ’ s wise of him to do it well. 3〕Is it interesting for the baby to play with a pet dog. 八、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what, which, who 或疑问副词 how, when, where, why 等；这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用；要留意的是, why 后面的不定式不带 to；如：1.用作句子的成分；1〕I don ’ t know what to try next. 〔 作宾语 〕 2〕Where to go is not decided yet.〔 作主语 〕 2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句；1〕What to do next.〔=What will we / you do next. 2〕Why go there.〔=Why do we / you go there. 九、动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do... ,不带 to 的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：1.They decide not to talk to each other. 2.His parents tell him never to play s。