初中英语人教版知识点总结202.docx

一般现在时的用法中学英语人教版学问点总结1) 常常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用；时间状语： every , sometimes, at , on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实； The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中；Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败；留意：此用法假如显现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时；例： Columbus proved that the earth is round..4) 现在时刻的状态、才能、性格、个性；I don ’ t want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较： Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作；再如： Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 其次句中的 now 是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时；2. 一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等；Where did you go just now.2）表示在过去一段时间内，常常性或习惯性的动作；When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth " 到 时间了 " " 该 了" It is time sb. did sth. " 时间已迟了 " " 早该 了"It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了；It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了；would 〔had〕 rather sb. did sth. 表示’宁愿某人做某事 ’ I ’ d rather you came tomorrow.4〕 wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作摸索性的询问、恳求、建议等；I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些；比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在；Christine was an invalid all her life. 〔含义：她已不在人间； 〕Christine has been an invalid all her life. 〔含义：她现在仍活着 〕Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.〔含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州； 〕Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.〔 含义：现在仍住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去 〕留意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气； 1）动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等； Did you want anything else.I wondered if you could help me. 2）情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike.3. used to / be used toused to + do ："过去常常 "表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在；Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk. 〔 过去常常漫步 〕be used to + doing ： 对 已感到习惯，或 "习惯于 "，to 是介词，后需加名词或动名词；He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.〔 现在习惯于漫步 〕典型例题---- Your phone number again. I quite catch it.---- It ’ s 69568442.A. didn ’ t B. couldn ’ t C. don ’ t D. can ’ t答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看 出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时；4. 一般将来时1) shall 用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替；will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求看法常常用于其次人称；Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening.2) be going to + 不定式，表示将来；a. 主语的意图，即将做某事；What are you going to do tomorrow.b. 方案，支配要发生的事；The play is going to be produced next month ；c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be + 不定式表将来，按方案或正式支配将发生的事；We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to + 不定式，意为立刻做某事；He is about to leave for Beijing.留意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用；5. be going to / will用于条件句时， be going to 表将来will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, you ’ d better get ready for it a s soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.6. be to 和 be going tobe to 表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事；be going to 表示主观的准备或方案；I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 〔 客观支配 〕I ’ m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 〔 主观支配 〕7. 一般现在时表将来1）以下动词： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般现在时表将来；这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或支配好的事情；The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star. It stars in ten minutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在时间或条件句中；When Bill comes 〔 不是 will come〕, ask him to wait for me. I ’ ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在动词 hope, take care that, make sure that 等后；I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.11. 用于现在完成时的句型1） It is the first / second time 结.构th中at的从句部分，用现在完成时；It is the first time that I have visited the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2） This is the that结构， that 从句要用现在完成时 . This is the best film that I ’ ve 〔ever〕 seen.这是我看过的最好的电影；This is the first time 〔that〕 I ’ ve heard这h是im我s第ing一.次听他唱歌；典型例题(1) ---Do you know our town at all.---No, this is the first time I here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming答案 B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，应选 B；(2) ---Have you been to our town before.---No, it ’ s the first time I here.A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come答案 D. ever 意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为 never ，此两词常用于完成时；This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause的句型中，从句要用完成时；留意：非连续性动词的否定形式可以与表示连续时间的状语连用；即动作不发生的状态是可以连续的；（错） I have received his letter for a month.（对） I haven ’t received his letter for almost a month.12. 比较 since 和 forSince 用来说明动作起始时间， for 用来说明动作连续时间长度；I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here。