情态动词汇总.docx

情态动词总结情态动词+have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构，这种结构 有两个主要的用法1表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计(1) may / might + have done表示“大概已经”通常用于肯定句和 否定句might有时可用于疑问句2) can / could + have done表示“可能已经”通常用于疑问句和 否定句could有时可用于肯定句3) must + have done表示“一定已经”只用于肯定句，具有较大的 可能性2表过去本可以、本该或本不必要做某事,但实际上没做或做了某事1) should + have done表示“本该”，可能性较小，表示对过去发生的 动作的遗憾或责备可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句2) might + have done表示“本可以”通常用于肯定句3) could + have done表示“本可以”通常用于肯定句4) ought to + have done 表示“应该” 同 should have done⑸needn't have done 表示“本没有必要”只用于否定句6) would + have done 表示“本该”A. may / might + have done1. may / might + have done表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,常译 为“可能已经”。

通常用于肯定句和否定句might有时可用于疑问 句eg.①They might have taken a later train.也许他们乘坐的是晚一点 儿的火车② He seems to know the city quite well. He may have been there before.他似乎对那个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过那儿2 might + have done表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有 轻微的责备口吻或遗憾通常用于肯定句，eg. ①You might have given him more help, though you were busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙②The proposal might have been refused.这个建议本该拒绝 的B・ can / could + have done1. can / could + have done表示对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句 和疑问句eg.① He can't /couldn't have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam.昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。

② I don't know why she didn't call me yesterday. Can (Could) she have forgotten my telephone number?我不知道昨天她为什么没给我打,难道她会把我的号码忘 了吗？③ He didn't come to school yesterday. Can he have been ill?他昨 天没来学校，难道他生病了吗？2. could + have done可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗 憾，可译成“本来是可以……的”通常用于肯定句eg.①Why didn't Sophia apply for the job? She could have got it.为什么索菲不申请这项工作？她本来是能得到的② Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York?You could have stayed with Barbara.你到纽约时为什么住宾馆？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的③ Given more time, we could have done the work better.如果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。

C・ must + have done1•表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句用can / could have doneeg.①His watch must have stopped.他的表肯定停了②---I rang your flat yesterday. A man answered but I didn't recognize the voice.昨天我给你家打，一位男士接了，但我没听出来是谁 的声音Oh, it must have been my brother Peter.哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得2•用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反eg.① You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier.如果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了事 实上没有赶上公共汽车）② He must have won the game if he had been careful enough. 如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛D. needn't + have done:用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某 事，可是做了”。

只用于否定句eg.① The airport is close to us. You needn't have hurried there early.机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里可是你早早地到 那儿了）② He is still young. You needn't have sent him such an expensive present .他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物 注意： 如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，需用didn't need to do eg. It is not cold today. I didn't need to take the thick sweaters out.今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来实际上也没拿）E・ should / ought to + have done1•表示对过去“本该…，但实际上没有…”含有责备、批评或遗憾 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句eg.① You should have gone over your lessons. (In fact you didn't go over your lessons.)你们应把功课复习好的。

可事实上你们没有)② You shouldn't have watched TV last night. (In fact you watched TV last night.)你们昨天晚上本不该看电视可你们看了)③ You oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission.没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办公室④ You oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone.你不该 独自去那荒凉之地2•表示期待或推测eg.① If the flight was on time, you should / ought to have arrived inShanghai early this morning.如果航班准点的话，你今早就能到上海了② The building should / ought to have been completed by the endof the week.这幢建筑物本周末前应该能完工F. would + have done表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。

eg.① I would have been happy to see him, but I didn't have time.我 会很高兴和他见面的，但我没时间见他②If your father had still been alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。