石灰性土壤微生物量碳_氮与土壤颗粒组成和氮矿化势的关系_金发会.pdf

石灰性土壤微生物量碳、 氮与土壤颗粒组成 和氮矿化势的关系 3 金发会 1,2 李世清 1,23 3 卢红玲 1 李生秀 2 (1西北农林科技大学/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100; 2西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 ,陕西杨凌712100) 摘 要 以黄土高原土壤类型和土壤肥力差异较大的25个农田石灰性耕层土壤为供试土 样,研究了土壤微生物量碳 (B C)、 微生物量氮 (B N)与土壤氮素矿化势 (N 0)、 全氮 (TN)、 有机 碳(OC)及土壤颗粒组成的关系.结果表明: BC、BN与TN、OC呈极显著正相关(P0101 mm颗粒的吸水性、 保肥性、 粘结性、 粘着 性和可塑性较差;而粒径0101 mm)相比,进一步说明小粒级颗 粒 ( 0 101 mm)对土壤有机质的吸附和保持能力更 强.这一方面与小粒级颗粒中有机质含量较高有关, 另一方面与小粒级颗粒和有机质复合形成更加稳定 的有机无机复合体有关.有研究表明,粗质土BC占 OC的比例较细质土低,但粗质土中的C、N转化较 快 [34 ] ,这与本研究土壤微生物量碳与各土样物理性 粘粒 ( 0101 mm)呈负相关性的结 论相一致. 5 结 论 1) 土壤BC与TN、OC之间呈极显著正相关,相 关系数分别为01846和01 683 ( P 0101) ,土壤BN 与TN、OC之间也呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为 01661和01 519 ( P0101) ,表明BC、BN与土壤肥力 关系密切,可作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标.土壤 微生物量碳氮比 (B C/BN)在018～816之间,较土壤 有机碳与全氮比值 (5 121～111 89) 低,说明BN是植 物有效氮的重要储备库和源. 2)BC、BN与土壤氮素矿化势 (N 0)高度相关,相 关系数分别为01741和01665 (P 0101) ,表明BN 是表征土壤供氮能力的另一指标. 3) 土壤物理性粘粒 ( 0101 mm)与各指标呈显著或极显著负相关,物理性 粘粒和砂粒比值与各指标呈显著或极显著正相关. 参考文献 [1] AdamsMA, Attewill PM. 1986. Nutrient cycling and ni2 trogen mineralization in eucalypt forests of south2eastern Australia.Ⅱ.Indices of nitrogen mineralization.Plant and Soil, 92: 341- 363 [2] Anderson F, Domsch KH. 1989. Ratio ofmicrobial bio2 mass carbon to total organic carbon in arable soils .Soil B iology and B iochem istry, 21: 471- 479 [3]Ayanaba A, Tuckwell SB, Jenkinson DS .1976.The effects of cleaning and cropping on organic reserves and biomass of tropical forest soil .Soil B iology and B io2 chem istry, 8: 519- 525 [4] Bai Z2 J ( 白志坚) , Zhao G2 S ( 赵更生 ). 1981.Soil nitrogen mineralization potential in Shaanxi Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science(土壤通报) , 12 (4) : 26- 29 ( in Chinese) [5]Brookes PC, Landmann A,Pruden G,et al.1985. Chlorofor m fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: A rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial bio2 mass nitrogen in soil .Soil B iology and B iochem istry, 17: 837- 842 [6] Clark FE.1977.Internal cycling of 15N in shortgrass prairie.Ecology, 58: 1322- 1333 [7]Collins HP, Ras mussen PE, Douglas CL Jr . 1992. Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil carbon and microbial dynamics .Soil Science Society of Am erica Journal, 56: 783- 788 [8] Cooperative Research Group of Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Research Group of Soil Taxonomy, Institute of Soil Sci2 ence, Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院南京 土壤研究所土壤系统分类课题组,中国土壤系统分 类课题研究协作组 ). 1995.Index on Chinese Soil Taxonomy. 2nd Ed. Beijing: ChinaAgricultural Science and Technology Press ( in Chinese) [9] HolemsWE, ZakDR. 1994. Soilmicrobial biomass dy2 namics and net nitrogen mineralization in northern hard wood ecosystem.Soil Science Society of Am erica Jour2 nal, 58: 238- 243 [10] Hu C (胡 诚) , Cao Z2 P ( 曹志平) , Ye Z2 N ( 叶钟 547212期 金发会等:石灰性土壤微生物量碳、 氮与土壤颗粒组成和氮矿化势的关系 年 ) , et al.2006.I mpact of soil fertility maintaining practice on soilmicrobial biomass carbon in low produc2 tion agro2ecosystem in northern China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报) , 26(3) : 808- 814 ( in Chinese) [11 ] Jenkinson DS, Brookes PC, Powlson DS .2004. Meas2 uring soilmicrobial biomass .Soil B iology and B iochem2 istry, 36: 5- 7 [12 ] Jenkinson DS, Ladd JM.1981. Microbial biomass in soil: Measurement and turnover/ / Paul EA, Ladd JM, eds .SoilBiochemistry . New York: MarcelDekker: 415 - 471 [13 ]Jordan D,Kremer RJ, Bergfield WA,et al.1995. Evaluation ofmicrobialmethods aspotential indicatorsof soil quality in historical agricultural fields .B iology and Fertility of Soils, 19: 297- 302 [14 ] Ju X2 T ( 巨晓棠) , Bian X2 J ( 边秀举) , Liu X2 J ( 刘 学军 ) , et al. 2000. Relationship between soil nitrogen mineralization parameter with several nitrogen forms . PlantNutrition and FertilizerScience(植物营养与肥料 学报) , 6(3) : 251- 259 ( in Chinese) [15 ] LiD2 P ( 李东坡) ,Chen L2 J ( 陈利军) ,Wu Z2 J ( 武志 杰 ) , et al. 2004. Dynamics of microbial biomass N in different fertilized black soil and its related factors .Chi2 nese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报) , 15 (10) : 1891- 1896 ( in Chinese) [16 ] LiN (黎 宁) , Li H2 X ( 李华兴) , Zhu F2 J ( 朱凤 娇 ) , et al.2006. Relationships bet ween soil microbial ecological characteristics and physical2chemical proper2 ties of vegetable garden soil .Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报) , 17 (2) : 285- 290 ( in Chi2 nese) [17 ] Li S2 Q ( 李世清) , Li S2 X ( 李生秀) , Shao M2 A ( 邵 明安 ) , et al. 2004.Effects of long2term application of fertilizers on soilorganic nitrogen components andmicro2 bial biomass nitrogen in semiarid farmland ecological system.Scientia Agricultura Sinica(中国农业科学 ) , 37 (6) : 859- 864 ( in Chinese) [18] Li S2 Q ( 李世清) , Li S2 X ( 李生秀) , Zhang X2 C ( 张 兴昌 ). 1999. Difference of soil microbial biomass ni2 trogen under different ecological systems .Journal of Soil Erosion and Soil and W ater Conservation(土壤侵蚀与 水土保持学报) , 5(1) : 69- 73 ( in Chinese) [19 ] Li S2 Q ( 李世清) , Ling L (凌 莉) , Li S2 X ( 李生 秀). 2000. Review on the factors affecting soilmicrobi2 al biomass nitrogen.Soil and Environm ental Sciences (土壤与环境) , 9 (2) : 158- 162 ( in Chinese) [ 20 ] Lin Q2 M ( 林启美) , Wu Y2 G ( 吴玉光) , Liu H2 L ( 刘 焕龙 ). 1999.M。