中考英语定语从句-关系代词整理.docx

定语从句一、定语用来修饰名词单个形容词修饰名词放在名词前面如果由一个句子来充当定语，该句子称为定语从句，放在修饰词的后面例如：beautiful flower. nice day. He is a man who always means what he says.二、两个概念先行词：被定语从句所修饰的对象引导词（关系词）：指代先行词，起连接主句和从句的作用，并在定语从句中充当一定成分的连接词三、关系词使用三原则1）关系代词之前要有先行词（表示人或物的名词）2）关系代词在所引导的定语从句中要做主语、宾语或表语3）否则关系代词前一定要有介词四、关系代词和关系副词的种类及其用法1）关系代词 Who 指代人做主语或宾语（前不能与介词连用） Whom指代人做宾语或表语（不能做主语） Whose指代人或物做定语，表示所有关系，用法同形容词性物主代词 Which 指代物做主语或宾语That 指代人或物做主语或宾语，但不能用在介词后和非限制性定语从句中2）关系副词(关系副词等于介词加which)When(=in which, on which, at which )先行词是表时间的名词Where（=in which, on which, at which先行词是表示地点的名词why(=for which)先行词是 reason等表示原因的名词how(=in which)只用以修饰the way 关系副词在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、方式状语。

五、关系代语的用法1）关系代词作从句的主语The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.这两个简单句中有一个“重复元素”，这里的she指代the woman 即两句之间有一个共同因素，通过这个共同因素建立起两句之间的关系现要在用she lives next door 来作定语修饰the woman,告诉对方哪个woman是舞蹈演员而在定语从句中指代“人”的关系代词要用who.同时关系代词具有代词和连词的作用因此，可将句子改为：The woman is a famous dancer who(=and she)lives next door.由此可知，who既取代了代词she也取代了连词and.因为who既有代词的作用也起着连词的作用另外定语从句一般要紧跟在它所修饰的名词后面因此可将句子再改为：The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer 这便是一个标准的定语从句由以上可知，关系词who既指代the woman 同时又在句中做从句的主语，而且还替换了and起着连词的作用例：I like guys and they have a good sense of humor.改为定语从句为：I like guys who have a good sense of humor 定语从句的谓语动词形式是由关系词所指代的先行词来决定的。

2）关系词作从句中动词的宾语I would like to find a friend and I can trust him completely.可改为：I would like to find a friend……I can trust who completely.在原句中him指代名词a friend,可以用关系代词who来替换him来充当动词trust的宾语又因为who有连词的作用，所以and 要去掉另外关系词who要置于从句的开头，所以要把who移到I的前面，原句可变成：I would like to find a friend who can trust…completelyWho虽然位置移动了，但依然充当从句动词trust的宾语，这里用“……”表示trust的宾语是存在的，只不过移到了从句的开头，避免重复，最后带有定语从句的完整句子是：I would like to find a friend who I can trust completely.例：He is the best grammar teacher who I have ever seen.He is the student who the teacher likes to praise for his hard work.3)关系代词作从句中介词的宾语I am talking about friends and you can share almost everything with them.可变为定语从句：I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.Who 充当介词with的宾语在英语中有这样的习惯：在不影响理解的情况下，作宾语的关系代词可以省去。

4）在限制性定语从句中that可指代人和物，但下列情况最好用that1、先行词中同时出现人和物时用that.2、先行词为指物的all, little, few, much, none和the first时用that. 3、先行词是不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything 时用that.4、先行词被any, only, all, every, no, some, much, few, little, 和序数词，形容词的最高级及the only, the one, the very, the right, the last等成分修饰时用that.5、that不用于非限制性定语从句中，也不能用于介词后面。