修辞与翻译ppt课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,第,五章,：修辞与翻译（,1,）,修辞与翻译（一）,明喻,暗喻（隐喻）,转喻（借代）,夸张,反语,反复,排比,拈连,头韵,尾韵,递升；递降,明喻 simile,明喻的定义,明喻的构成,明喻的文化内涵,明喻的定义,Simile:a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another,in such a way as to enhance an image.,明喻：把甲事物比作乙事物，两者既不同类，又不同质，只是在某一点上有相似之处明喻的构成,1）组成,I,wandered alone,as a cloud,.(,“,I,”,是Object/tenor本体,“,lonely,”,是sense喻意,“,a cloud,”,是image/vehicle喻体),2)比喻词,英语：as,as,like,as,as if/though,汉语：像，好像，如，犹如，若，宛若，宛如，仿佛，如同，跟,一般,明喻的文化内涵 1,共性（universals）,她的脸色苍白而带光泽，,仿佛,大理石,似,的；一双眼睛又黑又大，在黯淡的囚房中，宝石,似,的闪着晶莹的光。

Her face was pale and yet,as,lustrous,as,marble,and her large,black eyes sparkled,like,jewels in that murky cell.,He drove,as if,possessed by the devil.,他着魔,似,地驾车狂奔明喻的文化内涵 2,个性（peculiarities）,喻意相同，喻体相同或略异,喻意相同，喻体相异,无对应,喻意相同，喻体相同或略异,know sth./sb.like the palm of one,s hand,as light as a feather,as cold as ice,as busy as a bee,as cheerful as a lark,了如指掌,轻如鸿毛,冰冷,像蜜蜂一样忙碌,像云雀一样快活,喻意相同，喻体相异,as stupid as a,goose,as timid as a,rabbit,as hoarse as a,crow,as bold as a,lion,as mute as a,fish,as proud as a,peacock,as strong as a,horse,drink like a,fish,蠢的象,猪,胆小如,鼠,公鸭,嗓,勇如猛,虎,噤若,寒蝉,；守口如,瓶,骄傲得像,公鸡,体健如,牛,牛,饮,无对应,as poor as,a church mouse,as cool as a,cucumber,as tight as a,drum,as sharp as a,needle,as sure as,a gun,一贫如洗,非常镇静,非常不肯花钱,十分精明,一点不错；千真万确,暗喻 metaphor,暗喻的定义,英汉对应,暗喻的定义,Metaphor:a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another,thus making an implicit comparison.,暗喻：又称隐喻。

把要说明的事物比喻成另外一种具有鲜明的同一特点的事物，从而更形象、更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现力和感染力暗喻的构成,1）组成,After the long talk,he,became,the sun in h,er,heart.这次长谈之后，他,成了,她心中的太阳英汉的暗喻都不露比喻的痕迹，直接把甲说成了乙，正是在这一点上有别于前面所讲的明喻2)比喻词,英语：be,become,turn into,汉语：是，成了，成为，当作等,英汉对应,完全对应,Our blood boils.我们热血沸腾部分对应,draw water in,a sieve,竹篮,打水,无对应,be tied to sb,s,apron-strings,受人控制,比喻的翻译,保留原语形象（直译）,转换原语形象（替换）,舍弃原语形象（意译）,直译法,Joe,a clumsy and timid horseman,didn,t look to advantage in the saddle,“,Look at him,Amelia my dear,driving into the parlor window.Such,a bull in a china shop,I never saw,”,.,乔胆子小，骑术又拙，骑在鞍子上老不像样。

埃米丽亚，亲爱的，快看，他骑到人家客厅的窗子那儿去了，我一辈子也没见过这样的，真是,大公牛闯到瓷器店,了,”,杨必名利场）,替换法,put all the cards on the table,打开天窗说亮话,go for wool and come back shorn,偷鸡不成蚀把米,意译法,By the winter of 1942 their resistance to the Nazi terror had become,shadow,.,到了1942年冬季，他们对于纳粹恐怖活动的抵制已经,名存实亡,转喻 metonymy；借代synecdoche,转喻定义,英汉对比,翻译方法,转喻定义,Metonymy:a figure of speech in which the name of an attribute or a thing is substituted for the thing itself as in the use of Washington for US government.,转喻：也叫借代不直接把所要说的事物名称说出来，而用跟它有关系的另一种事物的名称代替它。

例如用华盛顿来指代美国政府转喻：英汉对比,投笔从戎,throw away,the pen,and take up,the sword,in defense of the country,Pen,is mightier than,sword.,笔,威于,剑,His wife spent all her life on,the stage,.(theatrical profession),他的妻子在,舞台上,渡过了一生戏剧工作，表演艺术）,转喻：翻译方法,汉语和英语里的转喻内容丰富，有借人或事物的特征或标志来指人或事物；有借与人或事物有关的工具或材料代指人或事物；有借与人或事物有关的所属或所在代指人或事物一般而言，可以对这种辞格采用直译，但有时因为两种语言的不同表达习惯，需要采用意译转喻译例,Only,a knife,can save the patient,s life now.,要拯救病人只能动,手术,Paper and ink,cut the throats of men,and,the sound of a breath,may shake the world.,纸墨能割断人的喉管，嗓音能震动整个世界。

写几个字，说几句话）,Gray hair,should be respected.（graying China/aging China）,老人应该受到尊重夸张 hyperbole,定义,译例,夸张定义,Hyperbole:a figure of speech which contains an exaggeration for emphasis.,夸张：指凭借丰富的想象，用铺饰张大的语言，对事物的某些方面进行夸大或缩小，进行艺术渲染夸张译例,夸张一般直译，对夸张的内容不需改变，也不能改变，但涉及语言习惯时，可略作调整Thanks a million.,万分感谢I have told you fifty times.,我告诉过你好多次了反语 irony,定义,译例,反语定义,Irony:the use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning.,反语：使用同本意完全相反的词句来表达本意，明显含有嘲弄讽刺的意思，从而使本意更加突出反语译例 1,It must be,delightful,to find oneself in a foreign country without a penny in his pocket.,在异国他乡，身无分文，那才叫,“,绝,”,呢！,他浑身上下毫无,缺点,，连肚脐眼都没有！,He doesn,t have a single defect in his whole body.Why,he doesn,t even have a belly-button!,反语译例 2,If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarettes,don,t listen,They are probably trying to,trick you into living longer,.,如果有人苦口婆心劝你戒烟，不要理他们,他们是,想骗你活得长久些,！,-It is raining cats and dogs!,-,Lovely weather,isn,t it,?（,太好了,！）,反复 repetition,定义,译例,反复定义,反复：通过重复同一单词、词组或语句使人加深印象，重复部分往往含有强烈的情感或优美的节奏。

译例 1：直译,It is no use doing what you like;you have to like what you do.（Winston Churchill）,做你喜欢的不重要，重要的是喜欢你所做的Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.(J,F,Kennedy）,不要问国家能够为你做什么，问问你能够为国家做什么译例 2：变通,It was a day as fresh as grass growing up,and,clouds going over,and,butterflies coming down can make it.It was a day compounded from silences of bee,and,flower,and,ocean,and,land.(Ray Bradbury,The Vacation,),绿草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩,，这日子是如此清新可爱蜜蜂无言，春花不语，海波声咽，大地音沉,，这日子是如此安静排比 parallelism/parataxis,定义,译例,排比定义,Parallelism:the use of identical or equivalent syntactic constructions in corresponding clauses.,排比：指用结构相似、语气一致、关系并列的一组语句，接连表达几个相关意思的一种修辞方式。

排比译例 1,I came,I saw,I conquered.,我只身前往，我明察秋毫，我旗开得胜Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.,读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确排比译例 2,延安的歌声是,黑夜的火把，雪天的煤炭，大旱的甘霖,Songs of。