the trail that rocked the world.doc

1The Trial That Rocked the WorldPart 1 General introduction1. about the author:John Scopes (1900——1970) once a school-teacher in Dayton, Tennessee.Principle of the “Monkey Trial”. Later became a geologist for an oil company.2. Backgroud:⑴For a number of years a clash had been building up between the fundamentalist(基要主义者) and the modernists(现代主义者).③⑵fundamentalism was strong in Tennessee, and the state legislature had passed a law prohibiting the teaching of “any theory that denies the story of creation as taught in the Bible”④⑶The exits of Darwin’s evolution.⑷J ohn Scopes taught the students evolution.3. about the affair1、Reason: John Scopes taught the students evolution which was considered against the law.2、Time: July 10, 19253、Place: A court in Dayton, Tennessee.4、Conflicts:CharactersClarence Darrow(counsel, lawyer)Malone(Catholic, counsel)Hays(Jew ,counsel)George Rappelyea(engineer)Kirtley Mather(Professor, scientist)William Jennings Bryan（orator）John Butler(farmer)Tom Stewart(lawyer ,attorney-general)12 jurors(陪审团成员 ),three had never read any bookexcept the Bible.One couldn't readPoint of views⒈Accepted the theory advancedby Charles Darwin——VS⒈They are adhere to a literalinterpretation of the 2all animal lifehad evolved from a common ancestor.③⒉The reason why John Scopes was accused isignorance and bigotry are rampant.⒀⒊ If so no one Would dare to bring any intelligence andenlightens andculture to the human mind.⒁⒋ The truth is eternal And needs nohuman agency tosupport it.(24)Old Testament(圣约书)③ ⒉Man came fromabove.(20)⒊”The Bible” is not going to be driven out from this court by experts.(21)5. Result:The trail turned to be a “victorious defeat”. The verdict was guilty. John Scopes was fined 100dollars and costs. He was offered his teaching job back but he declined and he got scholarship to the University of Chicago.6. Influences:Since the trial, the schools and legislative offices of the United States have deeply affected, and the intellectual and academic freedom has grown. Based on the trial the business man made a great profit. (10, 26)7.Why the authors say the trial rocked the world?⒈Hot Media attention: For the first time in history to broadcast a jury trial, More than 100 reporters were on hand, and even radio announcers.(2), and 22 telegraphers were sending out 165,000 words a day on the trial. (28) ⒉Many people came to see: For fear that the old court’s floor might collapse under the weight of the throng, the trial was resumed outside under the maples.(29)3⒊It snowballed into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.Part 2 Details adout this passage1) Main ideaJohn Scopes was a young high-school science teacher and football coach in Dayton, a little town in Tennessee, where fundamentalism where strong .He was accused of breaking the anti-evolution law and was brought to court, because of teaching his students evolution. The renowned criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow helped him defend, and William Jennings Bryan was the leading counsel for the prosecution. Thousands of people came to visit, and a group of scientists and professors helped to testify Scope’s behalf. The trial began on July 10th, 1925, and lasted for 3 days. On the first day, the preliminary fight appears to be. On the second day, the prosecution calling witness against Scopes. Darrow and Bryan go on the heated debate. The climax of the trial is that Darrow succeeded in pointing out several serious inconsistencies in Fundamentalist belief when Darrow was called as a witness for the defense. On the third day, the verdict came out and scopes was convicted and fined 100 dollars. It shows that the trial was seen as a victory for evolution. 2) Style of the text①Narration: To narrate is to given an account of an event or series of events. In other words, a narrative recreates an event or gives a sense of it by helping the audience visualize the event.②Language features ：Sarcasm, ridicule & ironyIrony is a subtle form of humor which involves saying things that you do not meanIf you ridicule someone or ridicule their ideas or beliefs, you make fun of them in an unkind waySarcasm is usually intended to mock or insult someone3) Rhetorical Devices① Simile（明喻）E.g. Gone was the fierce fervour of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.(22)Analysis: (1) 此句是一个倒装句，正确语序应为：The fierce fervour ……was gone.(2) 句中 swept……like a prairie fire 为明喻，指的是布莱恩参加竞选活动时到各地巡回演讲击溃自己的对手的情景。

②Metaphor(暗喻)E.g. ……my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in U.S. history.（9）Analysis: snowball 原指“滚雪球” ，此处引申为“像雪球一样越滚越大” ，十分4形象E.g……our town of 1.500 people had taken on circus atmosphere.Analysis: circus atmosphere 把小镇上那种气氛比作像看马戏表演一样Then the court broke into the storm of applause that surpassed that for Bryan.(25)Analysis: a storm of applause 把法庭上的辩论比作风暴Now Darrow sprang his trump card……the defence.(30) Analysis: sprang one’s trump card 原指在某些扑克游戏中能胜过其他花色的牌的花色主牌，此处喻为“使出绝招” The oratorical storm that……th。