（新高考）2021届小题必练1 名词 学生版.docx

2021届好教育小题必练小题必练1：名词名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一，也是新高考的重要考点名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数），尤其具体语境中名词的数、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词的构词法，名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等在高考试题中，名词常结合其它项目一起考查，考查题型以完形填空、语法填空为主预计2021年的新高考名词在语法填空中考查以词类变化为主；在完形填空中考查名词的辨析为主在学习过程中，要掌握常用名词的基本用法，注意一词多义和旧词新义另外要多归纳总结，做题时要结合语境考点1 可数名词的复数【典例】（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。

分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式故填seasons技法点拨】（1）规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加－sstudents，teachers，doc tors，tables以s，x，ch，sh结尾加－es（如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要+s, 如stomachs）glasses，dishes，boxes，watches 以辅音字母＋y结尾变y为i再加－esfamilies，babies，armies，bodies以元音字母＋y结尾加－sboys，toys，pianos，photos以f或fe结尾大都变f或fe为v，再加－esthieves，wives，knives，shelves，lives少数加－sbeliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs以o结尾通常加－sradios，videos，zoos，tobaccos有的加－esheroes，potatoes，tomatoes注意：以－o结尾的名词加－es的情况Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes口诀：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿既可以加－es，也可以加－s的情况zeros(es)mosquitos(es) volcanos(es)以－f或－fe结尾的名词把f或fe去掉，加－ves树叶 leaf-leaves 半数half-halves,自己self-selves妻子wife-wives刀knife-knives长条面包loaf-loves架 shelf-shelves狼wolf-wolves小偷thief-thieves生命life-lives口诀：树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去割粮；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙直接在词尾加-s相信belief -beliefs；悬崖cliff – cliffs证据proof – proofs上顶房（即房顶、屋顶 ）roof - roofs口诀：相信证据在悬崖的顶房以上两种情况均可码头（wharf）侏儒（dwarf）围围巾（scarf），手绢（handkerchief）码头侏儒围围巾，手绢复数变二心名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。

如：woman doctor→women doctors(2)不规则变化①常见单复数同形的名词Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits②自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→children　man男人→men　tooth牙→teeth　foot脚，英尺→feet　mouse老鼠→mice　phenomenon现象→phenomena　medium传播媒介→media考点2 名词的语法功能（2020山东卷）Historical (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要此处作主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”故填accuracy技法点拨】1.作主语The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。

His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军2.作宾语（1）作及物动词的直接宾语I met your elder brother in the street我在街上碰见你哥哥了Have you finished the letter to Jane? 你写完给珍的信了吗？（2）作及物动词的间接宾语I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事She asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题3）作介词的宾语After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居Do you still ask your parents for money? 你还向爸妈要钱吗？3.作表语It’s a good idea to plant trees here. 在这里栽些树是个好主意She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 她现在是教授而丈夫仍是个工人。

4.作宾语的补足语They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词）The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李5.作定语（1）直接作定语, 通常用单数形式college students大学生 girl friend女友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛Let’s stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上，我们的书店停一下吧！He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的2）名词所有格作定语students’ books学生用书 China’s capital中国的首都 the world’s population世界人口（3）man，woman，gentleman作定语man，woman，gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式，但必须随所修饰名词的数而定He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。

There are many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师4）某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数形式arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服装商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车 savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系（5）单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语Learning Skills center学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部（6）表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯a peasant family/boy(peasant习惯直接作定语) a worker’s family(worker习惯用所有格作定语)（7）两种定语有时并存但意义不一样women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机girl friend女朋友 the girl’s friend 这女孩的朋友mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue母亲的舌头（8）名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能，与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性gold watch 金表 (指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的，但不一定含金)6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。

The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克考点3 名词辨析（2020山东卷完形填空）Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____1_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____2____ there from a very young age.When he was 16,Molai began to notice something disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____3____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well. He realized that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____4____. The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____5____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____6____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However,Molai went looking on his own and discovered a nearby island where he beg。