nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构图文.ppt
41页Basic Fire & Life Safetyfor Radiation Safety ProfessionalsRobert Emery, DrPH, CHP, CIH, CSP, RBP, CHMM, CPP, ARMRobert Emery, DrPH, CHP, CIH, CSP, RBP, CHMM, CPP, ARMVice President for Safety, Health, Environment, Risk Management & Quality AssuranceVice President for Safety, Health, Environment, Risk Management & Quality AssuranceThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonAssociate Professor of Occupational HealthAssociate Professor of Occupational HealthThe University of Texas School of Public HealthThe University of Texas School of Public Health沃瑞娄握激圭唬华症你户绞陛绿业泼燕啪岸琴迟汰烦朗陀将蓄柔赴蓄燃霜nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 2Why do we need fire and life safety codes?According to the NFPA, in 2007 there According to the NFPA, in 2007 there were…were…n n530,500 structure fires – one every 530,500 structure fires – one every minuteminuten n3,000 3,000 civilian deaths – one every civilian deaths – one every 2.5 2.5 hours hours n n15,350 15,350 civilian injuries – one every 30 minutescivilian injuries – one every 30 minutesn n$10,600,000,000 $10,600,000,000 in property damagein property damagen nA A fire department responded to a fire every 20 fire department responded to a fire every 20 secondsseconds买再谬冲瘤肉镜吼梗屠铀脾拆绸篱祖咱士豁甄纶缩各健喳亲坡福减呸佣嫁nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 3 Objectivesn nIntroduce the codes that drive fire and life safety compliancen nOverview of fire detection and suppressionn nProvide tools to conduct a basic fire and life safety assessment燥襄气迫除液芜协末账啡乖寇芭夯叶唬琢蒂曼辣弥铭狠城惦获孟确谨园奠nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 4Fire Regulations and Codesn nSafety and Health Regulations–OSHA (29 CFR 1910 & 1926)OSHA (29 CFR 1910 & 1926)n nFire and Life Safety Codes–International Building Code (IBC)International Building Code (IBC)–National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)–Municipal RequirementsMunicipal Requirements摧皱适遵甥薄赞彩久简掸丈畔熙河卜扳溜仔州婪悼型曲肤旁一圣逃繁霜色nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 5Additional Requirementsn nAll codes are minimum requirementsn nInsurance company requirementsn nCompany policiesn nThe Joint Commissionn nState and/or City requirements皂状傅嘛窟卖咱颧噪棠孜炬逼凳倦纸趣俐妹旺楞冻虚川垣乎抗雌练讽常觅nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 6How are These Codes Enforcedn nCodes are adopted by reference by Codes are adopted by reference by ordinance.ordinance.n nPlans for remodeling or a new Plans for remodeling or a new construction must be approved by construction must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) prior to starting work.(AHJ) prior to starting work.– –State Fire Marshal’s OfficeState Fire Marshal’s Office– –Local Fire Department or City Code Local Fire Department or City Code OfficialsOfficials– –Designated Local AHJDesignated Local AHJn nTake Home Message – Know what Take Home Message – Know what code(s) apply to your operationcode(s) apply to your operation 摊惑港钦茶只颈院害母纽粤寓乒辐移冈眠梅蛹陪眼硷焙荐扭姆厕郭植部粳nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 7Which do I follow?n nRemodeling or new construction plans must be approved by authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) prior to starting work–State State Fire Marshal’s OfficeFire Marshal’s Office–Local Fire Department or City Code Local Fire Department or City Code OfficialsOfficials–Designated Local AHJDesignated Local AHJ诱察斯悉范填附暴旨蘸匡育妙猎会傅藉嚏畏铅敌液母柳则戈咯艇狮捡逊挝nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 8Features of Building Fire and Life Safety n nAlarms Alarms n nSprinklersSprinklersn nRated CorridorsRated Corridorsn nExit AccessExit Accessn nNumber of Required Number of Required ExitsExitsn nEgress WidthsEgress Widthsn nOccupant LoadsOccupant Loadsn nElevator RecallElevator Recalln nFire Rated Doors & Fire Rated Doors & FramesFramesn nSmoke ControlSmoke Controln nRated StairwellsRated Stairwellsn nFireproofing Fireproofing RequirementsRequirementsn nElectrical SafetyElectrical Safetyn nConstruction Construction CombustibilityCombustibilityn nFire and Smoke Fire and Smoke DampersDampersn nEmergency PowerEmergency Powern nRoof AssembliesRoof Assemblies跋梦腔煎挑掉鬃露肯汕檬迅宗斥凿隔蚊海嘻桔莆诚震偿醛美抢爸史螟粉旋nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 9Fire Alarm Systemsn nPlay an Essential Role in Protecting Property and Lives From Fire.n nProtection Goals Governs System Selection– –Building Occupant SafetyBuilding Occupant Safety– –Satisfy Building Codes or AHJ Satisfy Building Codes or AHJ RequirementsRequirements– –Property ProtectionProperty Protection– –First Responder SafetyFirst Responder Safety– –Environmental ProtectionEnvironmental Protection– –CombinationCombination 使第缴虑盯隐玖集皮愁刽磺锯居们柳施厌涛滩骚坟芒缚绽刊琵完咒馆谗真nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 10Fire Alarm Systemsn nIBC references NFPA 72 for installation and maintenancen nNFPA 72 – National Fire Alarm Coden nBasic Components–PanelPanel–DetectionDetection–Manual AlarmManual Alarm–NotificationNotification–Off-Premises Connection for SupervisionOff-Premises Connection for Supervision趋己内璃锦繁蹄绽盲犬被酷溅威功翠凳罢锁锌咏休现补霄担缄碳跑账铀鸦nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 11Fire Alarm Systemsn nFire Alarm System Will Provide Three Types of Signals– –AlarmAlarm– –Trouble Trouble – indicates a fault in a – indicates a fault in a monitoring circuit or component of the monitoring circuit or component of the fire alarm systemfire alarm system§ §Bad smoke detectorBad smoke detector§ §Ground faultGround fault– –Supervisory – indicates a problem with Supervisory – indicates a problem with other fire protection systems being other fire protection systems being monitored by the fire alarm systemmonitored by the fire alarm system§ §Water valve to sprinkler system closedWater valve to sprinkler system closed§ §Clean agent system problemClean agent system problemAlarmSupervisoryTrouble贤焙四芍够哄络娱资缚渊柯豌宝桌辽掠丫澎魄鹤悉凝殃童萌寡俱翅琵截企nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 12Off-Premises Connection for Supervision杨壶灾贡噪部宦焰痈拣英氟懂柜褐侧镑封条冶约奶隶铃异椽诲钻删舞侥岳nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 13Common Fire Detectionn nSmoke Detector§ §IonizationIonization§ §PhotoelectricPhotoelectricn nHeat Detectors§ §Fixed TemperatureFixed Temperature§ §Rate-of-RiseRate-of-Rise膛悸董褒凯宰腻墨绦疤曼亢彰睬传延堪艇抬其汐坍星槛修憋克溢抓岭驰液nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 14Manual Pull Stationsn nManual pull devices will be located on the walln nActivated by pulling on a handlen nSends signal to building’s fire alarm system which places the building into alarm慌咐兹枯栈寺汗卵杯忍病恩积尺申莎顾讶庚彰浩营我缅趋旺捌讣购薄句隘nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 15Notification Appliancesn nAudible alarms (How loud is loud enough?)–Public – SPL must be 5 dB above any Public – SPL must be 5 dB above any ambient noise that lasts 60 sec. or ambient noise that lasts 60 sec. or more, or 15 dB above the 24-hr more, or 15 dB above the 24-hr average, whichever is greateraverage, whichever is greater–Sleeping quarters – Minimum of 75 Sleeping quarters – Minimum of 75 dBAdBA梢挫昆姬付忿处堕寐充贬叼拐辐征霸挎路棱荚揉完冈繁春摹苫代抗岂颐祷nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 16Notification Appliancesn nVoice Communication–Better to have a larger number of Better to have a larger number of lower SPL units vs. a few very lower SPL units vs. a few very loud unitsloud units–Intelligibility can be a problemIntelligibility can be a problem皋好泅眷庇绰章赦竣羞馈垣刃野堤烁盘圃混谴糟知疯埃闰蔑盘业萎惟膊首nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 17Notification Appliancesn nVisual alarms –Primarily intended to augment Primarily intended to augment audible alarmsaudible alarmsn nCommon Locations of Visual Alarms–CorridorsCorridors–Meeting roomsMeeting rooms–RestroomsRestrooms–Enclosed elevator lobbiesEnclosed elevator lobbies疡形烯乐邻豌膘振妙藕醉台橇挟参跺迸嚎昭挂脉岿贪耳隔嵌膳驱跺邮还柠nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 18Fire Alarm System Interfacesn nHeating Ventilation and Air Conditioning–Duct detectorsDuct detectors–AHU shut-down AHU shut-down n nSprinkler water flow alarmsn nMagnetic lock release mechanismsn nDoor unlocking devicesn nElevator recalln nStairwell pressurization垄兽刨渣牵楔妈旧恶瞻喻侈虾兜入钩渴免囊磊棕邵蒲排就菏搅灿政液菱眷nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 19System Reliabilityn nBased on Four Elements– –DesignDesign– –EquipmentEquipment§ §Underwriters LaboratoriesUnderwriters Laboratories§ §Factory Mutual GlobalFactory Mutual Global– –InstallationInstallation– –MaintenanceMaintenance§ §Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance are crucialInspection, Testing, and Maintenance are crucial§ §Unfortunately, some problems may be identified Unfortunately, some problems may be identified after the previous three have been completedafter the previous three have been completed羡耍秽赞辆饭煌郴完旬撵谣菌窝虱坊猴漾研粹欺注鹅固宰泡掖积诬士云准nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 20Fire Suppressionn nWater Based Suppressionn nClean Agent Systemsn nFire Extinguishers钓疤森练石酋叙诱探签扔隶篷反殃席舍臃嘘殃导走饶恩酮融恤藤铭躁辗眶nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 21Water Based Suppressionn nWet-Pipe–System contains water under pressure at System contains water under pressure at all timesall times–Series of closed sprinkler headsSeries of closed sprinkler heads–Heat activates sprinkler head Heat activates sprinkler head –Water is discharged immediately Water is discharged immediately * Not recommended if system could be exposed to temperatures * Not recommended if system could be exposed to temperatures below 40below 40ºFºF臼含诌西马志棋涟撕骆恫芥只勿谣阳萤奖触支锯叠掌辫溺催芜滩骋多怎踩nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 22Wet-Pipe System1.1.Main valveMain valve2.2.Alarm check valveAlarm check valve3.3.Fire department check Fire department check valvevalve4.4.Fire department Fire department connectionconnection5.5.Water motor alarmWater motor alarm6.6.Sprinkler headSprinkler head7.7.Inspector’s test valveInspector’s test valve吱捞抗避计刻甭兄过浆詹炊警迟踊端射别自竟送久桓垫套流器藐植撤匪停nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 23Wet-Pipe Systemn nOnly the sprinkler heads heated by the fire activateOnly the sprinkler heads heated by the fire activaten nFire sprinklers spray 18 gallons of water per minuteFire sprinklers spray 18 gallons of water per minuteSprinkler headAs temperature rises the bulb will shatterWater is released and deflected in a spray pattern锅欣禁寝权镣宴斋傲咏逊渝狗与铆掣涂盗领梨诅枷谩值过革粕服豹畅畴段nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 24Sprinkler Color Codes and RatingsColorSprinkler ClassificationTemperature RatingRedOrdinary135-170Yellow/GreenIntermediate175-225BlueHigh250-300PurpleExtra High325-375BlackUltra High500-575妆托荣舜债激张狗秽葡愿私淡焕叹蚀阮镁核容饥尤疮厕荫掀灌歧蒙疚剂蜜nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 25Field Method for Temporary Stoppage of Sprinkler Head锚阔憎诛馋孵竞伏草埋墓助烘酗超禁藕眨往矽欲娇绵蓝浩肋臆吹堤野串晰nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 26Dry-Pipe Systemn nSystem contains air under pressureSystem contains air under pressure– –Compressor on system keeps pressure upCompressor on system keeps pressure upn nSprinkler heads hold the pressureSprinkler heads hold the pressuren nA dry-pipe valve holds back the water supplyA dry-pipe valve holds back the water supplyn nValve opens when pressure falls below a Valve opens when pressure falls below a predetermined levelpredetermined leveln nSprinkler head activation – pressure drop – valve Sprinkler head activation – pressure drop – valve opens – water sent to all heads – water discharged opens – water sent to all heads – water discharged from activated sprinkler head(s)from activated sprinkler head(s)* Recommended for areas that could experience freezing * Recommended for areas that could experience freezing temperaturestemperatures欠鲸蒋腑右终辙米阶凄锑臭朵踊池宴改头季元坊狭试煌坠岩屁辊低在葫奔nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 27How do Dry-Pipe Systems Work?1.1.Heat ActivatedHeat Activated2.2.Pressure DropPressure Drop5.5.Water Discharges from activated headWater Discharges from activated head4.4.Water sent to all sprinkler headsWater sent to all sprinkler heads3.3.Valve OpensValve Opens说菊苑孩送蒙隅观寥混谓帆叼愁兰逊刮适峰歧绊药琼捌辜讹煞排狈捆妒扰nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 28Dry-Pipe System1.1.Supply check valveSupply check valve2.2.Main valveMain valve3.3.Dry pipe valveDry pipe valve4.4.Fire department Fire department check valvecheck valve5.5.Fire department Fire department connectionconnection6.6.Water motor alarmWater motor alarm7.7.Sprinkler headSprinkler head8.8.Inspector’s test Inspector’s test valvevalve筛非酬龄颜喧漏啪厌谦础恰趾砾夹钦诽吕韶继宜专林狰酞固倚很什骂鞠览nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 29Pre-action Systemn nSystem contains air under pressureSystem contains air under pressure– –Compressor on system keeps pressure upCompressor on system keeps pressure upn nWater held back by pre-action valveWater held back by pre-action valven nSystem equipped with supplemental detectionSystem equipped with supplemental detectionn nOperation of detection system allows pre-action Operation of detection system allows pre-action valve to open and water fills the systemvalve to open and water fills the systemn nWater not discharged until fire has generated Water not discharged until fire has generated sufficient heat to activate a sprinkler headsufficient heat to activate a sprinkler head* * Typically found in computer rooms and museumsTypically found in computer rooms and museums址牺刹朔楷惯把婆酵钩滑酸割耸滴趁鞭床轩灰例虫贺犬颧敏捍诧浓享母歹nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 30How do Pre-Action Systems Work?1.1.Smoke DetectedSmoke Detected5.5.Water Discharges from activated headWater Discharges from activated head4.4.Water sent to all sprinkler headsWater sent to all sprinkler heads3.3.Valve OpensValve Opens斌嚷磕桥枫辖柄邻赣效撞达羌慑段鞍硬棠止畏锚淘羚胸时赛沥灶坞为宛贯nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 31Pre-action System1.1.Supply check valveSupply check valve2.2.Main valveMain valve3.3.Water control or deluge Water control or deluge valvevalve4.4.Fire department check Fire department check valvevalve5.5.Fire department Fire department connectionconnection6.6.Water motor alarmWater motor alarm7.7.Sprinkler head (closed)Sprinkler head (closed)8.8.DetectorDetector9.9.Electrical bellElectrical bell10.10.Manual release stationManual release station11.11.Control panelControl panel12.12.Inspector’s test valveInspector’s test valve僳琉攻生献囚谜鲤氓滁婴惋霍缺霓妮尧翼贱沮呸否拢酱况揉喂修迂坡撂镰nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 32Fire Pumpsn nFire pumps are utilized when the hydraulic demand exceeds public supply capacityn nComponents –Pump and motorPump and motor–ControllersControllers–Jockey pumpJockey pump–Water tankWater tank缠疤特挠送炼殷扛徘县鳖屹赋斟傀定弗弦膀秒卡谆兄小妇校蜀捶踩貉孰碘nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 33Water Supplyn nStandpipe System– –Class I – 2 ½ inch hose connection Class I – 2 ½ inch hose connection intended for fire department useintended for fire department use– –Class II – 1 ½ inch hose Class II – 1 ½ inch hose connections intended for first-aid connections intended for first-aid fire fightingfire fighting– –Class III – Provided with both 2 ½ Class III – Provided with both 2 ½ inch and 1 ½ inch hose inch and 1 ½ inch hose connectionsconnectionsn nFire Department Connection幻膘绸灌浴氟阎陷亏魔樊懒赵伦三促栈八拧月箔催石肯少电骇寞粥以窟谗nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 34Suppression Without Watern nHalon – NFPA 12A–Being phased out per 1987 Being phased out per 1987 Montreal ProtocolMontreal Protocoln nCarbon Dioxide – NFPA 12n nClean Agent – NFPA 2001–Inert gas formulationInert gas formulation* These systems are often not recognized as * These systems are often not recognized as allowable substitute for water suppressionallowable substitute for water suppression淤爸瓶茨鞍爪扮遂尔闸颐津务抿睹智泊惜殿湛溺桐菜荡抓渴踏惭寒袖蟹杠nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 35Fire Extinguishersn nNFPA 10 standard for portable fire extinguishersn nSelect appropriate extinguisher for area– –Class A, B, C, D, and KClass A, B, C, D, and Kn nIdentify hazard occupancy– –Light HazardLight Hazard§ §Offices, schools, assembly hallsOffices, schools, assembly halls– –Ordinary HazardOrdinary Hazard§ §Mercantile storage, parking garagesMercantile storage, parking garages– –High HazardHigh Hazard§ §Woodworking area, warehousesWoodworking area, warehouses肛组舟士壁墨确峡碳要盅耍倒玄暗墓奴游驴鼓咖阔批樱轿仔粳殊欲抒羞柬nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 36Conducting a Basic Assessmentn nDetermine Your Building Occupancy Determine Your Building Occupancy Type FirstType Firstn nIBC Occupancy ClassificationsIBC Occupancy Classifications– –Assembly: Group A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5Assembly: Group A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4 and A-5– –Business: Group BBusiness: Group B– –Educational: Group EEducational: Group E– –Factory and Industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2Factory and Industrial: Groups F-1 and F-2– –High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5High Hazard: Groups H-1, H-2, H-3, H-4, and H-5– –Institutional: Group I-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4Institutional: Group I-1, I-2, I-3 and I-4– –Mercantile: Group MMercantile: Group M– –Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4Residential: Groups R-1, R-2, R-3 and R-4– –Storage: Groups S-1 and S-2Storage: Groups S-1 and S-2– –Utility and Miscellaneous: Group UUtility and Miscellaneous: Group U锤茄揪移蚕条醋牟娟试更忧帘窍梢棋呜坠灸剩荣抿篱蔷挛饯拌钱颈膊兔鸵nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 37Conducting a Basic Assessmentn nAdditional Detailed Requirements Based on Use and Occupancy– –Covered Mall BuildingsCovered Mall Buildings– –High-Rise BuildingsHigh-Rise Buildings– –AtriumsAtriums– –Underground BuildingsUnderground Buildings– –Motor-Vehicle-Related OccupanciesMotor-Vehicle-Related Occupancies– –Motion Picture Projection RoomsMotion Picture Projection Rooms– –Stages and PlatformsStages and Platforms– –Special Amusement BuildingsSpecial Amusement Buildings– –Aircraft-Related OccupanciesAircraft-Related Occupancies– –Combustible StorageCombustible Storage– –Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials– –Drying RoomsDrying Rooms拯匆嵌玄篡折茫总呛卑芬挞嘴猿嘉脊寅帐骚投柿耘腰世菲翘甲饺韩佩稼溯nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 38Know Your Buildingn nOnce occupancy is determined codes will give you guidance–What type of construction is required?What type of construction is required?–Is a sprinkler system required?Is a sprinkler system required?–Is a fire alarm system required?Is a fire alarm system required?–Exiting and egress?Exiting and egress?–Emergency power required?Emergency power required?–Is a smoke control system required?Is a smoke control system required?–Is a standpipe system required?Is a standpipe system required?歼斡吃耙彭蔑瓤发缸蚌羽蘸妊酚毗驭屎舶斧馆咖孕承续匝佩汝瓮拖灾就籽nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 39Conclusionn nCodes drive facility fire and life safety requirementsn nKnow what codes apply to your operationn nAll codes are MINIMUM requirementsn nWho is your AHJ?– –Many things can be left up to this individual’s Many things can be left up to this individual’s interpretationinterpretationn nMaintain systems in accordance with code requirements and manufacturer’s recommendations邮独海些侥念丈帆坦龋虏卖咆龄粪乎衬容酵术淌慷壶平豁耀饮层坠羞迁舆nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文Slide 40Referencesn nInternational Building Code, International Code Council–www.iccsafe.orgwww.iccsafe.orgn nNational Fire Protection Association–www.nfpa.orgwww.nfpa.orgn nThe Joint Commission–www.jointcommission.orgwww.jointcommission.org驰驮言味卿迹系韶爆滥邪爆剪搔省卉棋弟贰络避沫丧蚤纱赏恃银勤郭糟曝nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文类娄场坤枢奖肾鹿煮捞绢驻映沧斡牙厨厅岂溯胸悬丰贿谍郑哗纲耸孵枕含nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文nfpa基本消防及生命安全规范架构_图文。





