各种时态的被动语态.docx

The Passive Voice in Different Tenses复习各种时态的被动语态各种时态的被动语态，这其中包括一般现在时被动语态、一般过去时被动语 态、一般将来时被动语态、现在进行时被动语态、现在完成时被动语态、过去进 行时被动语态、过去完成时被动语态要掌握各种时态的主动语态和被动语态的 相互转换一、使用被动语态的原则被动语态由“be +及物动词的过去分词”构成其中，be为助动词，其用 法与用作连系动词的be无论在时态、人称还是在数的方面完全相同，具体见下 表：语态时态主动语态被动语态现在进行时am/is/are + doingam/is/are + being + done过去进行时was/were + doingwas/were + being + done一般现在时do/doesam/is/are + done一般过去时didwas/were + done现在完成时have/has + donehave/has + been +done过去完成时had + donehad + been + done一般将来时will/shall + dowill/shall +be + done过去将来时would + dowould + be +done在使用被动语态时要注意几点：1) 在没有必要指出动作的执行者时，“by +动词执行者”可以省略。

如:We grow tea in South China.Tea is grown (by us) in South China.2) 不知道动作的执行者是谁，使用被动语态比较适宜A child was kidnapped last night.The letters have been taken away.3) 用于被动语态的短语动词不可丢掉动词后面的介词或副词如：We should take good care of the old people.—The old people should be taken good care of.My sister looks after me at home every day.一 I am looked after by my sister at home every day.4) 带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常有两种方法：把主动语态的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前通常加介词to,有 时加for把主动语态的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语不变如：Mr. Li gave me an interesting book yesterday.一 An interesting book was given to me (by Mr. Li) yesterday.一 I was given an interesting book (by Mr. Li) yesterday.5) 带有复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只需把宾语变为被动结构的主语， 原来的宾语补足语留在原处不动，成为主语补语。

如：My little sister asked me to read this story for her.一 I was asked to read this story (by my little sister).He saw the train go away一 The train was seen to go away.6) 含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词” 构成如：The flowers should be watered often.This work can be easily done.The room must be kept clean.7) 在英语中常见的被动结构还有：It is said that...据说 It is hoped that.希望 It is reported (supposed) that.据报道 / 推测 It must be admitted （pointed out） that...必须承认 / 指出 It is well-known that.众所周知 二、不能用被动语态的情况英语和汉语一样，其动作都有主动和被动之分，汉语中不是所有的动词都可 采用被动结构；同样道理，英语中也有不少动词不能用于被动结构，即被动语态。

英语中，除不及物动词不能用于被动语态外，还有下列情况不能使用被动语态的 结构：1） 表示静态、容纳、适合等的及物动词例如：She has a nice car.The woolen coat fits her well.2） 宾语是动词不定式、动名词例如：They promised to go with me.Mr. Smith wanted to have a try.I enjoy listening to pop music.3） 宾语是反身代词例如：She hurt herself this morning.They warned themselves to be careful.4） 宾语是人身上的一部分或器官例如：He put his hand on his chest and began to cough.I could hardly believe my ears.5） 宾语是相互代词例如：They help each other in study.We must learn from each other.6） 表示地点、处所、机构、团体、组织的名词作宾语例如：She joined the Party last year.My dad reached Beijing this afternoon.7） 宾语表示行为、方式。

例如：She did her best.We shall make up our minds.8） 宾语表示数量、重量、长度、大小等，在意义上相当于状语例如：They walked two miles.The film lasted one and a half hours.This desk weighs 10 kilograms.9） 系动词sound, look, become, appear等也不能用于被动语态例如：Miss Li became a doctor ten years ago.This plan sounds a good one．10） 一些词，如 happen, take place, occur, last, belong to 等等，在汉语角度看来可用被动结构，但英语只能用主动结构例如：Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1949.This car belongs to my uncle．11） 及物动词及其宾语在意义上构成不可分割的固定词组例如：I made faces to have the baby laugh.We should never lose heart.12） 一些宾语从句也不能变成被动语态，否则意义就变了。

例如：I knew that I was wrong then.（我当时认识到我错了It was known that I was wrong then.（人们当时知道我错了13） 当宾语是抽象名词时例如：We showed special interest in science．14） 当宾语为同源宾语时例如：We lived a hard life in the old days．总之，能否用被动语态，除了应了解英语的一些语法规则之外，还要充分考 虑汉语的说话习惯，掌握其普通规律，注意一些特殊情况，否则会出现"中国式 英语"，也没法学到"地道的英语"语法专项练习单项填空1. The People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949.A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found2. English in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken3. This English song by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung4. This kind of car in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made5. New computers all over the world.A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used6. Our room must clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep7. --- I'd like to buy that coat.---I'm sorry..A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it had been sold8. A new house at the corner of the road.A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building9. The key on the table when I leave.A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left10. Doctors in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need11. His new book next month.A. will be published B. is publishingC. is being published D. has been published12. Japanese in every country.A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking13. These papers yet.A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written14. The sports meet be held until next week.A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't15. --- My shoes are worn out.A. Can't they be mended?B. Let me have a look at it.C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mende。