2.021年浙江新高考英语一轮复习一遍过：考点20 阅读理解推理判断题（教师版）.pdf

高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 高考一轮高考一轮考点一遍过考点一遍过 分项解析分项解析逐一击破逐一击破 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 考点考点 20 阅读理解之推理判断题阅读理解之推理判断题 题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解 文章的寓意等推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础 上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有 infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词 对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示 同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬 这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有 关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出 文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。

这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1. From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that. 2. We can infer from the text that/ What can we learn from? / We can conclude from the passage that 3. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4. The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6. The author mentions the fact thatto show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8. The authors attitude toward is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的 有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。

具体的 说，考生应当注意以下几点： 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词词 不离句，句不离段，段不离篇不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点 代替作者的观点 2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础有的推断， 考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行 分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论 3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分 析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全 4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸 准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意 5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某 个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断针对细节的推断可运用 scanning 的方法，迅 速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。

针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全 篇文章 推理判断题常见有以下形式： 1细节推断题细节推断题 要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等 考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、 推理、判断 （2019新课标 I 卷，B） For Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now its Chris Palaezs turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the of kid who would enjoy public speaking. But hes, nervous.“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“-ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him. A son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起) how 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I dont know, but I want to know.” Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves. “Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.” 26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _________. A. help students see their own strengths B. assess students public speaking skills C. prepare students for their future jobs D. inspire students love for politics 27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher? A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Demanding. 【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述 Thomas Whaley 为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一 个演讲课程。

26. A 【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段 Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves.以及最后一段 “boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于 那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley 老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增 加信心，故选 A 27. C 【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段 Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.和最 后一段 He wants these kids to learn to boast about themselves 可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请 高考一轮复习考点一遍过 精品资源战胜高考 举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生 的成长。

humorous 幽默的，ambitious 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding 要求高的故选 C 2因果推断题因果推断题 要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果考生要准确掌握 文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关。