小学英语小升初语法复习常用就近原则知识讲解和练习.doc

小升初英语语法复习就近原则知识讲解和练习第一部分 知识讲解一、什么是“就近原则”？“就近原则”指的是在某些语法结构中，动词的单复数、代词指代、或连词搭配等，要根据离它最近的词语来确定，而不是按照逻辑主语或整句主语来决定它是英语中常考的主谓一致、代词一致的重要规则二、常见“就近原则”用法1.由 or / either…or / neither…nor 连接的主语【规则】动词的单复数根据离动词最近的主语决定例句】Either you or he is right.（要么是你对，要么是他对Neither the teachers nor the student knows the answer.（老师们和那个学生都不知道答案易错点：很多学生会误以为根据第一个主语判断2.由 not only…but also 连接的主语【规则】当 not only…but also 连接两个主语时，动词的单复数根据靠近动词的主语来决定例句】Not only the teacher but also the students are excited.（不仅老师兴奋，学生们也很兴奋Not only the students but also the teacher is here.（不仅学生在场，老师也在场。

3.由 there be 结构引导的句子【规则】动词 be 的单复数取决于 there 后最近的名词例句】There is a book and two pens on the desk.（桌子上有一本书和两支笔There are two pens and a book on the desk.（桌子上有两支笔和一本书技巧：直接看 be 后第一个名词4.由 as well as / together with / along with / with 等连接的主语【规则】这些短语前后两个名词不影响动词一致性，动词的单复数根据 第一个主语（主语本身） 来决定，而不是最近的例句】Tom, as well as his friends, is going to the party.（汤姆和他的朋友们要去参加派对The students, together with the teacher, are visiting the museum.（学生们和老师一起参观博物馆注意：这不是严格的“就近原则”，而是常考混淆点——很多学生误以为根据最近的名词（其实不是）5.由 not…but / not…but rather 连接的主语【规则】谓语动词的单复数由 but 后的名词（即靠近动词的部分）决定。

例句】Not Tom but his friends are playing football.（不是汤姆，而是他的朋友们在踢足球Not the books but the pen is mine.（不是这些书，而是那支笔是我的6.由 here be / there go / here come 等结构【规则】动词单复数取决于 离动词最近的名词例句】Here comes the bus.（公交车来了Here come the buses.（公交车来了There go my friends!（我的朋友们走了！）第二部分 巩固练习一、单项选择（每题 1 分，共 10 分）Either Tom or his friends ____ playing football now.A.isB.areC.wasD.beNeither my father nor my mother ____ good at singing.A.amB.isC.areD.wereNot only the teachers but also the headmaster ____ in the meeting room.A.isB.areC.wereD.beNot the books but the pen ____ on the desk is mine.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThere ____ a book and two pencils in the schoolbag.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereThere ____ two cats and a dog under the table.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereHere ____ the bus we have been waiting for.A.comeB.comesC.is comingD.are comingHere ____ the children, running happily towards us.A.comeB.comesC.is comingD.was comingNot only my classmates but also my teacher ____ going to the park tomorrow.A.isB.areC.amD.wereNeither the students nor the teacher ____ in the classroom now.A.areB.isC.wasD.were二、用所给动词正确形式填空（每题 2 分，共 10 分）Either you or I ______ (be) going to clean the room today.Neither my sister nor my parents ______ (like) coffee.There ______ (be) some milk and an egg on the table.Not the boys but the girl ______ (be) singing loudly.Here ______ (come) the bus!三、句子改错（每题 2 分，共 6 分）每句只有一处错误，找出并改正。

Neither my father nor my brothers is teachers.There is two apples and a banana in the basket.Here comes my friends.【答案解析】一、单项选择B解析：or 连接主语，动词看近的“friends”，为复数 → are翻译：要么是汤姆，要么是他的朋友们正在踢足球B解析：nor 连接主语，动词看近的“mother”，为单数 → is翻译：我爸爸和妈妈都不擅长唱歌A解析：not only…but also 看近的“headmaster”，单数 → is翻译：不仅老师在会议室，校长也在会议室A解析：not…but 看近的“pen”，单数 → is翻译：不是这些书，而是那支笔是我的A解析：there be 结构看第一个名词“a book”，单数 → is翻译：书包里有一本书和两支铅笔B解析：there be 结构看第一个名词“two cats”，复数 → are翻译：桌子下有两只猫和一条狗B解析：here comes + 单数名词“bus”翻译：我们一直等的公交车来了A解析：here come + 复数名词“children”。

翻译：孩子们高兴地跑向我们A解析：not only…but also 看近的“teacher”，单数 → is翻译：不仅我的同学们，而且老师明天要去公园B解析：nor 连接主语，动词看近的“teacher”，单数 → is翻译：学生和老师都不在教室里二、用所给动词正确形式填空am解析：or 看近的“I”，用 am翻译：要么是你，要么是我要打扫房间like解析：nor 看近的“parents”，复数 → like翻译：我姐姐和我的父母都不喜欢咖啡is解析：there be 看第一个名词“milk”，不可数 → is翻译：桌子上有一些牛奶和一个鸡蛋is解析：not…but 看近的“girl”，单数 → is翻译：不是那些男孩，而是那个女孩在大声唱歌comes解析：here comes + 单数名词“bus”翻译：公交车来了！三、句子改错is → are正确句：Neither my father nor my brothers are teachers.翻译：我爸爸和我的兄弟们都不是老师is → are正确句：There are two apples and a banana in the basket.翻译：篮子里有两个苹果和一根香蕉。

comes → come正确句：Here come my friends.翻译：我的朋友们来了。