软件工程部分专业术语表.doc

软件工程部分专业术语表软件丁•程 software engineeringSoftware engineering is an engineering discipline that is concerned with all aspects of software productio n.软件 software通用产品软件generic softwaredeveloped to be sold to a range of different customers e.g. PC software such as Excel or Word.用户定制软件custom softwaredeveloped for a single customer according to their specification.软件属性 software attributes可维护性 maintainability可依赖性 dependability有效性 efficiency可用性 usability/availabilityThis is a complex property which is nol simply dependenf on the system hardware and software but also depends on the system operators and the environment where it is used.可靠性 reliabilityThis depe nds on the reliability of system comp on ents and the relatio nships between the components ・可重用性(可复用性)ReusabilityCASE (computer aided software engineering)计算机辅助软件丨-稈CASE tools are software systems which are designed to support routine activities in the software process such as editing design diagrams, checking diagram consistency and keeping track of program tests which have been run.软彳牛过程 softwaSoftvvare processes are the activities involved in producing and evolving a software system. They are represented in a software process modelre process可行性分析 feasibility analysis需求分析 requirement analysis设计design总体设计 system design、详细设计 detailed design编码coding测试 testing检验与有效性验证verification & validation维护 maintenance总体特性 emergent property软件过程 software process需求和定义 requirements definition系统和软件设计 system and software design实现和单元测试 implementation and unit testing集成和系统测试 integration and system testing运行和维护 operation and maintenance软件过程模型 software process modelA software process model is an abstract representation of a process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective软件生命周期模型software life cycle model瀑布模型 waterfall model原型模型 prototyping model探索式开发 exploratory development抛弁式丿京世 throwaway prototyping增量模熨、增最式开发incremental development螺旋模型spiral model喷泉模型 fountain model变换模型和基于知识的模型等风险riskA risk is a probabil让y that some adverse circumstanee will occur.风险管理 risk managementRisk management is concerned with identifying risks and drawing up plans to minimise their effect on a project.安全safety信息安全security结构化方法 structured method活动图 activity chart / 活动网络 activity network条形图/甘特图 bar chart / Gantt chart软彳牛需〉代 software requirements功能需求 functional requirements非功能需求 non-functional requirements领域需domain requirements用 户需求 user requirements系统需求 system requirements可行性研究 feasibility studies系统模型system modelsSystem modelling helps the analyst to understand the functionality of the system and models are used to communicate with customers・行为模型 behavioural modelBehavioural models are used to describe the overall behaviour of a system・Two types of behavioural model are:Data processing models that show how data is processed as it moves through the system;State machine models that show the systems response to events.These models show different perspectives so both of them are required to describe the system s behaviour.上下文模型context modelContext models are used to illustrate the operational con text of a system - they show what lies outside the system boundaries.数据模型data model对象模型object modelObject models describe the system in terms of object classes and their associations.结构化方法 structured method行为模型 behavioural model数据流模型data-flow model数据流图 data-flow diagram状态机模型 state machine model耳犬态图 statechart / state diagram数据模型data model实体■属性■关系图 Entity-Relation-Attribute (EAR) diagram数据字典 data dictionary面向对象的开发(00) object-oriented developmentObject-oriented analysis, design and programming are related but distinct.面向对象的分析(OOA) object-oriented analysisOOA is concerned with developing an object model of the application domain.面向对象的设计(OOD) object-oriented designOOD is concemed with developing an object-oriented system model to implement requirements.面向对象的编程(OOP) object-oriented programmingOOP is concerned with realising an OOD using an 00 prog ram mi ng language such as Java or C++.面向对象的测试(OOT) object-oriented test面向对象的软件维护(OOSM) object-oriented software maintance 对象类 object classObject classes are templates for objects. They may be used to create objects.实例(Instance)^ 消息(Message)、方法(Method)、属性(Attribute重载(Overloading) 封装(encapsulation)继承(Inheritance)多态性(Polymorphism)对象模型object model类继承图 class inheritance diagram对彖聚合图 aggregation diagram对彖行为建模 object behavioural modelling信息隐藏用例 use case用例图 use case diagram序列图(顺序图)sequence diagram形式化方法formal methods形式化描述 formal specification参考体系结构 reference architecture体系结构设计 architectural design容器模型 repository model客户机/服务器模型client-sever model胖客户机模型fat-client model瘦客户机模型thin-client model分层模layered model分布式系统 distributed system分布式对象系统 distributed object system中间件 middlewareCORBA (Common Object Request broker Architecture) 公共对彖。