高中英语 Moudle62 Reading and Vocabulary课件 外研版选修7.ppt

1．prehistoric adj.1)史前的prehistoric man 史前人类2)旧式的；陈腐的①His ideas on morals are really prehistoric.他的道德观念真是太陈腐了②We know little about prehistoric society.对于史前社会我们知之甚少知识拓展prehistory n. 史前history n. 历史historical adj. 历史上的；有关历史的historic adj. 历史上著名的；与过去的时代有关的historian n. 历史学家即学即用用history的相关单词完成下列句子(1)He is well known in China as a________.(2)There are many things to be discovered about________human beings.(3)The film is adapted from a________ novel.(4)Kaifeng is a________ spot in Henan Province.答案：(1)historian　(2)prehistoric　(3)historical(4)historic2．remains n. [pl.] 遗迹；遗体；遗址；剩余物；残留物①Human remains were discovered in the woods.人们在森林里发现了人类的残骸。

②We found the remains of a meal on the table.我们在桌上发现了剩下的饭菜知识拓展1)remains单复数同形单复数同形的名词还有：means 方法　　　　　deer 鹿series 系列 species 物种craft 船 aircraft 飞行器crossroads 十字路口2)remain vi. 剩下；余留；逗留；有待于remain用作连系动词其后可跟形容词、名词、介词、动词的现在分词和过去分词作表语词语辨析stay, remain, leavestay最普通用语，或长期或短期地停留，是不及物动词remain强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留”时比stay更正式些，也可意为“剩下”，是不及物动词leave表示“剩下”时只作及物动词用高考链接It was already past midnight and only 3 young men________in the tea house.A．left B．remainedC．delayed D．deserted解析：本题考查动词的辨析句意为：已经过了午夜了，茶厅里只剩下了3个年青人。

remain意为“剩下”；delay意为“推迟；耽误”；desert意为“抛弃；离弃”答案：B即学即用After a whole day's work, he likes to________at home.A．remain　　B．stay　　C．stop　　D．keep答案：B3．primitive1)adj.(1)原始的；远古的①Primitive men lived in caves.原始人住在山洞里②Primitive men made tools from sharp stones and animal bones.原始人用尖石块和动物的骨制造工具2)古老的；旧式的；简单的①The native of that region still live in primitive straw huts.那个地区的农民依然住在古老的茅草屋里•②The primitive forest here is well preserved.•这儿的原始森林受到了良好的保护•③The primitive method sometimes is very useful.•简单的方法有时非常有用。

•2)n. 原始人；原始派画家知识拓展各种“原”的不同译法：原材料原材料原油原油原始人原始人raw materialcrude oilprimitive(people)即学即用Small seashells have sometimes been used as a________kind of money.A．primitive　　B．good　　C．many　　D．old答案：A4．existence n.1)存在；实有Do you believe in the existence of God?你相信上帝存在吗？2)生活；生活方式①He leads a happy existence.他过着幸福的生活②She has a miserable existence living with him.跟他住在一起，她的生活很悲惨3)生存I think that this is a struggle for existence.我认为这是生存竞争知识拓展bring/call into existence 使产生；使出现come into existence 开始存在；产生in existence 存在的；现存的exist vi. 存在；生存；生活existent adj. 存在的；现存的即学即用单句改错The way of painting was come into existence long ago.________________________________________________________________________答案：was come→came5．relation n. [U]关系；关联；[C]亲属；亲戚①Manners are important to happy relations among people.礼貌对于人们之间的友好关系是很重要的。

②I don't know the relation between temperature and humidity.我不知道温度和湿度的关系知识拓展relationship n. 关系；关联；血缘关系The teacher has a very good relationship with his students.这位老师和学生们关系很融洽词语辨析relationship, relationrelationship, 指人时，常暗含一种带有强烈感情色彩的紧密关系relation可用来指人们和群体之间一种更为正式或较远的relationship①Her relationship with her husband is very good.她和她丈夫的关系很好②Relations between our countries are improving.我们两国的关系正在改善•relation指“亲属”时，包括父母、子女不仅有血统关系，而且有法律地位relative指“亲戚”，关系疏远即学即用The matter________your fate cannot be taken for granted.A．relating to B．related toC．relate to D．to relate to答案：B6．span n. [C]时距；期间；跨距；跨度　vt. 贯穿；横跨；跨越in a short span of three years 在短短的3年之中①The first span of the bridge is one hundred metres long.这座桥的第一个礅距为100米。

②A bridge spans the river.有座桥跨越那条河③The bridge crosses the river in a single span.河上那座桥是单跨桥•④Over a span of ten years, the company has made great strides.•10年间，这家公司有了很大的发展即学即用He grasped English and used it fluently in a short________of time.A．period B．termC．span D．item答案：C7．sharpened过去分词作定语，“打磨尖利的；削尖的”Don't point at others with a sharpened pencil.不要用削尖的铅笔指着别人知识拓展sharpen v. 使变锋利；变尖锐；变清晰；变敏感①Please sharpen this pencil.请削尖这支铅笔②Shadows sharpened.阴影更清晰了③Poetry helps to understand life by sharpening our senses.由于能够使我们的感觉更为敏锐，诗歌有助于帮助我们了解人生。

知识拓展sharp adj.敏锐的；锋利的，尖的；(言辞等)尖酸的，刻薄的；急转的，陡的The famous writer is still sharp in thought though he has reached the age of ninety­two.这位著名作家虽已是92岁高龄，但仍然思维敏捷He cut down the tree with a sharp axe.他用一把锋利的斧子砍倒了那棵树His sharp words seemed to hurt her.他那些刻薄的话看来伤害了她There is a sharp bend ahead.前面有个急转弯 注：sharpen是由sharp(形容词)＋en(后缀)构成其他常用动词后缀：•1)­en使得；变得•strength力量→strengthen加强•deep深的→deepen加深•dark 黑暗的→darken变黑(暗)•wide宽的→widen加宽•broad宽/大的→broaden加宽；扩大•quick 快的→quicken加快•short 短的→shorten缩短•straight 直的→straighten弄直；变直•bright 亮的→brighten(使)变亮•worse 更坏的→worsen(使)恶化•2)前缀en­•(1)en­＝make•enable vt. 使能够(＝make...able)•enlarge vt. 使变大(＝make...large)•enrich vt. 使富有(＝make...rich)•(2)en­＝(put...)in•endanger vt. 使遭危险；危害(＝put...in danger)•enclose vt. 围起(＝close in)•enforce vt. 实施；迫使(＝put...in force)即学即用完成句子她总用锋利的刀切肉。

She often cuts the meat ________ ________ ________ ________.答案：with a sharpened knife8．evolution n. [U]进化；演变，演化；发展Darwin's theory of evolution 达尔文的进化论The space program is the evolution of years of research.太空计划是多年研究的发展结果知识拓展evolve v. 发展；(使)进化The developmental history of society tells us that man has evolved from the ape.社会发展史告诉我们人是从类人猿进化来的evolutionary adj. 发展的；进化的即学即用用evolve的同根词填空(1)In politics England has preferred________to revolution.(2)He has________a new plan.(3)The American constitution was planned; the British constitution________.答案：(1)evolution　(2)evolved　(3)evolved9．exposure n. [U, C]暴露；显露；曝光；揭发①Skin cancer can be caused by prolonged exposure to the sun.长时间晒太阳可能会导致皮肤癌。

②The company feared exposure of its shaky financial condition.该公司担心财务不稳的状况遭人揭发知识拓展expose vt. (与to连用)暴露；使曝光；揭露①You can't expose your skin to the sun.你不能把皮肤暴露在阳光下②The crime of the corrupt officials must be exposed without any reserve.对贪官污吏的罪行一定要毫无保留地予以揭发即学即用As a result of these________the government took strong measures against bribery and corruption.A．exposures B．reportsC．cases D．All of the above答案：D10．contribute1)vi. 促进；起作用；有助于(和to连用)①I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem.我肯定你的建议将有助于解决问题。

②Exercise contributes to better health.锻炼能促成更强健的体魄2)vt. & vi. 捐献；捐赠(钱、物等)He contributed some money to the flood victims.他捐出了一些钱给遭水灾的难民•3)vt. 贡献•The Song Dynasty contributed three great inventions to the world civilization.•宋朝以三大发明对世界文明做出了贡献•4)vt. & vi. 投稿(给报纸、杂志等)•He contributed an article to our school paper yesterday.•昨天他给我们学校投了一篇文章知识拓展contributing adj. 贡献的；起一份作用的contributor n. 投稿者；捐助者contribution n. 贡献；捐献；捐助；投稿make contribution to... 对……做贡献注意：contribute to中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词类似的短语还有：devote...to...把……贡献到……上get used to习惯于……lead to导致see to负责，照料object to反对look forward to期望，盼望即学即用Everyone is encouraged to________food or clothing for those who suffered a great deal in the flood.A．attribute B．distributeC．contribute D．drift答案：C11．maintain v. 保持；维持；维修；保养①We should maintain our friendly relations with other countries.我们应当同其他国家保持友好关系。

②The Town Council maintains the roads.市议会维修道路知识拓展maintenance n. 维持；保持；维修；保养maintain the car 保养汽车the car maintenance 汽车保养maintain an open mind on sth. 愿意听取他人对某事物的意见maintainable adj. 可维持的；可支持的；可维护的即学即用He is a man who likes to________an open mind on his study.A．maintain B．remainC．stay D．keep答案：A12．recommend vt. 推荐；介绍；建议；劝告①I will recommend you as his secretary.我要举荐你做他的秘书②I recommend you to comply with safety regulations.我劝你遵守安全规则知识拓展recommend sth. to sb.＝recommend sb. sth. 向……介绍；向……推荐recommend sb. as... 推荐某人当……recommend sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事recommend doing... 建议做……recommend＋从句 建议……It is/was＋recommended that... 有人建议……注意：recommend, suggest, request, demand, urge, propose, prefer, advise, insist, require, order, command等词所 带的宾语从句以及它们对应的名词所带的表语从句、同位语从句，再加上它们的过去分词所在的“It is/was＋过去分词＋主语从句”等结构中的谓语动词必须用should do的形式，should可省略。

高考链接(2009·浙江)The doctor recommended that you________swim after eating a large meal.A．wouldn't B．couldn'tC．needn't D．shouldn't解析：题意：医生建议饱餐之后不要游泳recommend后接宾语从句用“should＋动词原形”表示虚拟，should可以省略答案：D即学即用(1)He said he would________me to Mr. Li as his assistant but he didn't.A．comment B．suggestC．command D．recommend(2)I recommended________an English­Chinese dictionary, which I thought would be of great help to his studies.A．buying B．boughtC．to him buy D．he bought答案：(1)D　(2)A13．propose v.1)建议；提议①What should you propose?你想提什么建议？②Some people proposed changes to the educating system.一些人提议进行教育体制改革。

2)打算；计划propose to do/doing sth. 打算做某事①I propose to make an early start tomrrow.我打算明天早晨早走•②How do you propose going to work?•你打算怎么去上班？•3)提名；提出……供表决•We proposed Wang Lei for our monitor.•我们提名王磊做班长词语辨析propose, advise, suggest1)propose表示提议；建议(比较正式)2)advise是劝告，通过指以自己亲身经历对别人提出有益的劝说3)suggest语气较委婉，提出的建议仅供参考，自己并不坚持即学即用I________to set off for New York next month to do business.A．am thinking B．am intendC．advise D．propose答案：D14．assistance n. [U]帮助；援助①Despite his cries no one came to his assistance.尽管他大喊大叫，却没有人来帮助他。

②I can't move this piano without assistance.没有人帮忙，我可挪不动这架钢琴知识拓展give assistance to sb. 给某人以帮助be of assistance to sb. 有助于某人assist v. 协助；帮助词语辨析assist, help, aidassist与help同义，但着重指“协助”，受协助的人自己做一部分工作help可指具体或抽象意义上的“帮助”aid一般是指援助一群人，尤指用金钱，接受帮助的人较广即学即用The young nurse was very nervous when she________in her first operation.A．resisted B．insistedC．assisted D．assigned答案：C15．estimate v．/n. [C]估计；计算；预算①I estimated the loss at $ 1,000.我估计那笔损失为1000美元②The carpenter gave an estimate of $ 100 for the job.这木匠估计做那个工作需要100美元。

知识拓展It's estimated that... 据估计……overestimate v. 高估n. 过高的估计underestimate v. 低估n. 过低的估计词语辨析calculate, compute, estimatecalculate指通过计算以解决疑难的题目或问题compute指简单的数学计算estimate指根据经验、知识或判断作出估计、估算，含有“近似；概略”之意calculate the velocity of light 计算光的速度compute the volume of a cylinder 计算汽缸的容积estimate the cost of building a house 估算造一座房子的费用即学即用It's estimated________over 75% of our customers are women.A．what　　　B．that　　　C．why　　　D．which答案：B16．request1)n. 请求；需求①We received many requests for the book.我们接到许多这本书的订单②We came here at her request.我们是应她的要求来的。

2)v. 请求；要求request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事request sth. from/of sb. 要求、请求某人做某事request＋that­从句注意：request后接宾语从句时，从句中谓语动词用should＋动词原形，其中should可省略①The judge requested silence.法官要求安静②She requested me to leave.(＝She requested that I should leave.)她要求我离开知识拓展at the request of 应……的请求by request 应邀make a request(for sth.) 提出请求(要某物)on/upon request 一经请求request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事词语辨析demand, require, request, ask这四个动词均有“要求；请求”之意1)demand一般理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求2)require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求3)request正式用语，指非常正式、礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。

4)ask系常用词，往往带有“期望得到肯定答复”的意思注意：request只可接一个宾语在request that...及It is requested that...结构中，在request后跟的名词性从句中，从句的谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”表示虚拟语气高考链接(2010·湖 北 )Duty is an act or a course of action that people________you to take by social customs, law or religion.A．persuade B．expectC．request D．instruct解析：句意：责任是按照社会习俗、法律或宗教人们期望你承担的行为persuade“说服”；request“要求”；instruct“指示；命令”；expect“期望”答案：D即学即用(1)Students________take three papers in English literature.A．were requested to　　　B．was requested toC．requested to D．request to(2)The manager of the hotel requests that the guests________after 1100 pm.A．not to play loud musicB．shouldn't play loud musicC．don't play loud musicD．couldn't play loud music答案：(1)A　(2)B1．of vial importance 至关重要It is of vital importance that the authorities take measures to prevent tax fraud.当局采取措施防止偷税漏税至关重要。

知识拓展“be of＋(形容词)＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋(副词)＋与该抽象名词同根的形容词”常用来表示人或事物所具有的特征或性质，在句中常用来作表语或后置定语①The students are of the same age.这些学生年龄一样大②I don't find anything of interest in today's paper.在今天的报纸上我没发现什么有意思的内容用于以上结构的抽象名词及对应的形容词有：•value—valuable; importance—important; use—useful; interest—interesting; significance—significant•可用于修饰抽象名词的形容词有：great, little, some, any, no, not much即学即用I'm sorry, Tom. We don't find anything________in your information.A．of valuable B．of valueC．of values D．great valuable答案：B•①Apart from the price, the dress doesn't suit me.•姑且不论价格，这件衣服不适合我。

•②Apart from his school work, he takes interest in anything.•除了学校的功课外，他对任何事都有兴趣•③He has no other interests, apart from his work.•除了自己的工作外，他没有其他的爱好•④Apart from me, there were ten people at the meeting.•除了我以外，会上还有十个人知识拓展set sb./sth. apart 使……显得独特take sb./sth.apart 严厉批评某人/某事物take sth. apart 将……拆卸开tell A and B apart 分辨出A与B即学即用Can you tell the two brothers________？A．part　　B．apart from　　C．apart　　D．part from答案：C。