英语学科教学论期末考试(整理).doc

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上 yingyu英语学科教学整理一． 缩写PPP: presentation, practice, and productionTTT : Teacher Talking Time STT: Student Talking TimeEAP ：English for Academic PurposesESP： English for Specific Purposes ESEA: Engage-Study-Engage-ActivateIATEFL: The International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language TESOL: Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (P185) EFL: teacher a teacher who teaches English as a foreign language p2ESA：engage study activateTQ： teaching aids SA: means stages where the teacher leads a question and answer session with the students SS: means pairworkTQ---SA: it means stages where the teacher leads a question and answer session with the studentsOHP: the overhead projector二．Definition1.Schema: schema is a structured cluster of pre-conceived ideas about a specific theme, it helps us to organize our background knowledge about the reading material. 2. skimming and scanning：Skimming is a kind of reading skill which means getting a general idea of what the reading material is about. Scanning is a kind of reading skill which means searching for particular bits of information.3. language acquisition and language learning：language acquisition: gaining use of a language without any conscious learning4. Stereotype: Stereotype is a popular and highly exaggerated concept of a particular group of people. Concentrating on just a few features of the particular group, it is an image, conception, or belief which exaggerates, oversimplifies, and thus distorts the characteristics of people and their behavior. For example, one group might consider another to be backward, belligerent, sexy, or arrogant. In those traditional Chinese films, thieves and criminals are always those who have ugly faces and look violent. But in reality, people with ugly faces may also have a kind heart like the cartoon film “The Beauty and the Beast”. This kind of misconception is the result of stereotype.5. Gist listening: Listening exercise which require students to listen for the main idea6. comprehensible input: language which is certainly above the students’ productive level, but which they can more or less understand 7. attention span: the length of time you can concentrate on some idea or activity(internet P11)8. plateau effect: the phenomenon that people sometimes find they don’t improve much or as fast as before.(P13)9. rough-tune: exaggerate the voice tone and gesture to help get the meaning across/ rough-toning is that unconscious simplification which both parents and teacher use by exaggerating tones of voice, speaking with less complex grammatical structures than they would if they were talking to adults. When rough-toning, their vocabulary is generally more restricted. They don’t set out to get the level of language exactly correct for their audience, but to rely on a general perception of what is being understood by the people listening to them. (P3)10. Interactional speech and transactional speechInteractional speech: communicating with someone for social purposes. It includes both establishing and maintaining social relationships. It is more unpredictable pattern.Transactional speech: communicating to get something done, including the exchange of goods or services. It is a highly predictable11. Parallel writing (P81): where students stick closely to a model they have been given, and where the model guides their own efforts. It is especially useful for the kind of formulaic writing represented by postcards, certain kinds of letters, announcements and invitations, for example12. Accuracy and fluency : Accuracy: the extent to which students’ speech matches what people actually say when they use the target language. Fluency: the extent to which speakers use the language quickly and confidently, with few hesitations or unnatural pauses, false starts, word searches, etc.13. overgeneralization:A process in which a learner extends the use of a grammatical rule of linguistic item beyond its accepted uses, generally by making words or structures follow a more regular pattern. For example, use mans instead of men for the plural of man.14. Development error: An error in learner language that does not result from first language influence but rather reflects the learner's gradual discovery of the second language system. These errors are often similar to those made by children learning the language as their mother tongue. 15. Corpus: In linguistics, a corpus (plural corpora) or text corpus is a large and structured set of texts (now usually electronically stored and processed). They are used to do statistical analysis and hypothesis testing, checking occurrences or validating linguistic rules on a specific universe. A corpus may contain texts in a single language (monolingual corpus) or text data in multiple languages (multilingual corpus). Multilingual corpora that have been specially formatted for side-by-side comparison are 。