Unit 5 核心素养拓展练.docx

核心素养拓展练素养解读2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”英语学科核心素养 由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚 持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查下面文段就是围绕“文化意识”这一学科素养展开的， 文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，旨在呼吁大家保 护这些濒临消失的语言种类，保持语言的多样性主题：语言 学科素养：文化意识(2018・全国I , C)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years ，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter- gatherers， small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago， when the world had just five to ten million people， they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards， many of those people started settling down to become farmers ， and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries ， trade ， industrialisation， the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education， especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades ， all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number( 中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消 亡),with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象1．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A．They developed very fast.B．They were large in number.C．They had similar patterns.D．They were closely connected. 答案 B解析 推理判断题根据第一段最后一句可知，一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只 有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言由此可推断，采猎文明时期的语言种类很多2．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?A．Complex. B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.答案 C解析 词义猜测题根据第二段中的 “...all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over” 可知，人 类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代， 这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”，故选C项（powerful强大的，有影响力的）。

3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.答案 B解析 数字计算题根据第三段第一句“ At present， the world has about 6,800 languages.” 可 知，目前世界上大约有6 800种语言；再根据该段最后一句“The median number（中位数）of speakers is a mere 6,000， which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.” 可知，目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000，也就是说有大约3 400 种语言的使用人数少于6 0004．What is the main idea of the text?A．New languages will be created.B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C．Human development results in fewer languages.D．Geography determines language evolution.答案 C解析 主旨大意题。

文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象，故选C 项Notes, I .高频词汇•populate vt.居住于；构成人口2. compulsory ad•.义务的；强制的3. globalisation n.全球化；全球性4. distribution n.分布； 分配5. uneven adj.不均匀的；不平坦的；参差不齐的II .长难句分析The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.分析：这是一个由that引导的表语从句owhile连接两个并列分句,hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers其实是一个省略句，完整的句子应该是hot, wet zones have lots of languages, and they are often spoken by small numbers of people。

翻译：一般规律就是温带地区语言种类较少，但说这些语言的人数较多：而热带，潮湿的地区语言种类较多，但说这些语言的人数较少。