【“阅读题型专题复习”考点及策略】.doc

阅读题型专题复习”考点及策略一 . 题型分析根据上下文和构词法推断和理解生词的含义能理解段落中句子之间的逻辑关系能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局能读懂常见体裁的阅读材料能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息能运用字典等工具书进行学习课外阅读量应累计达到15万词以上语言材料新颖地道, 题材广泛, 信息量大材料注重学生的素质教育, 思想性强, 贴近学生的现实生活, 富有时代特征题目设计越来越偏向深层能力(推理判断、中心思想、段落大意、归纳信息、作者意图)猜词义的考查总词数越来越大，对学生的阅读速度提出了更高的要求考查应用文（图表、广告、新闻、书信，电子邮件）和科普文章二. 阅读理解的考点及策略（一）体裁介绍:1. 记叙文(故事、人物传记) 2. 说明文（史地知识、科普知识） 3. 应用文（图表、广告、新闻、书信，电子邮件）4. 议论文（二）考题题目设计：1．猜测词义特点： 要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释解答这类题目是需要对有关上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案2． 事实细节辨认题特点： 首先要求理解文章的内涵， 抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局这几个环节， 去分析、理解或计算得出结论。

可从文章表面找到答案，只要通读全文所叙述的重要事实， 就可以解答出来， 有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案3． 综合判断题特点： 需要理解文章内涵，读完全文后要通过分析理解或计算才能得出结论4． 逻辑推理题特点： 往往不能直接从文中找到答案， 而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音和文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案 应从情节所提供的基本事实出发，寻找一定规律，如：时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理的根据 (一) 主旨题 (main idea)四种形式：文首；文中 ；文尾；没有明确主旨, 需总结 解题技巧*不管它出现在文章题目的什么位置, 都作为最后一道题去做, 因为做完其他题以后会对主旨的理解有帮助*着重理解首末段,首末句*主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾), 遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕 主旨题的注意事项:*段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示: therefore, thus, but, however, in short等等 (二)作者观点和态度题解题技巧*作者对某一事物的看法,要么支持,要么反对,带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案 *漠不关心类词语一定不对,既然写文章就不会不关心 *不要把自己的态度揉入其中,也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度 *当作者的态度没有明确提出时,要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度 *作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联 (三)猜测词义两种方式: 超纲词义含义推断; 熟词生义或是在特定场合的意思 解题技巧*根据上下文进行推理猜测 *正确选项不是熟词的常规含义猜测词义的方法*构词法:根据词根,词缀判断词义 *词性加搭配:先判断生词在文章中的词性,再看它与哪些词语可以搭配,最后根据自己的常识推测*找同位词:上下文中有可能有类似生词出现的句子的平行结构,找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测 (四)推理引申题 干扰项的特点 *只是原文的简单复述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理 *看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符,如因果倒置,手段变目的等 *根据考生已有的常识是正确的,但是却不是基于文章,一切以文章为准 *推理过头,引申过渡 正确选项的特点*不是文中明确说明的内容,没有引申推理就不是正确选项 *正确选项大多含义深刻,不是常识选项 *注意那些似乎话中有话的的间接表达句,它们往往采用说半句,打比喻,反着说的方式,让考生有推理的余地 *注意含义深刻或结构复杂的句子.考生对作者表达的意思能不能一下子看透,也是命题点所在 (五)事实细节题 正确选项特点*一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思 。

题干+正确选项的信息值等于或者约等于原文中某句的信息值 干扰选项的特点*部分正确,部分错误*是原文信息,但是不是题目要求的内容*符合常识,但不是文章内容*与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动历届考题分析1. 记叙文(故事、人物传记)04年 这是一篇课堂故事, 该故事告诉我们一个什么道理呢?Mr. Harris taught sixth-grade science. On the first day of class, he gave us a talk about an animal called ‘birdcat’，which died out during the Ice Age . He passed around a skull(头骨) as he talked. We all took notes carefully and later we had a test . When he returned my paper the next day, there was a big red ”X” through each of my answers. I had failed! There had to be some mistake! I had written down exactly(确切的)what Mr. Harris said .Then I learned that everyone in the class had failed. What had happened? ‘Very simple,’ Mr. Harris said. He had made up all that ‘birdcat’ ‘There had never been any such animal. The information in our notes was therefore incorrect. Did you think you would get good marks for incorrect answers?’ Needless to say, we felt that was unfair(不公平的). What kind of a test was this? And what kind of a teacher?‘We should have figured it out.’ Mr. Harris said. After all, at the very moment he was passing around the ‘birdcat’ skull, in truth a cat’s, hadn’t he been telling us no other findings about this animal except the skull? He had told us many unbelievable things about the animal, such as the size, the color, the strength… but none of us had questioned.Mr Harris said he hoped we would learn something from this lesson. Teachers and textbooks are not always correct. In fact no one is. He told us not to let our minds go to sleep and to speak up if we ever thought he or the textbook was wrong.Up to now I haven’t made any great scientific discoveries, but Mr. Harris’s class gave me and my classmates something just as important: To look people in the eye and tell them they are wrong.(1) Which would be the best title for this passage? (主旨意思)A. An unforgettable Test.B. A strange Animal Called ‘Birdcat’C. An Unfair TestD. Incorrect Information(2). ‘Figure it out’ should mean ‘__________’ (猜测词义)A. think and find it out B. answer itC. draw it out D. learn and turn it out(3) I failed in the science test because_________(事实细节题)A. I didn’t answer all the questionsB. I didn’t answer the paper according to what Mr Harris said.C. the information in my answers was wrong.D. M r Harris made some mistake.(4) We can learn from this passage that__________(推理引申题)A. M r Harris was the only person who found the animal ‘birdcat’B. M r Harris used a cat’s skull instead of a birdcat’s because they were the same.C. We should be brave to speak out against what we don’t believe.D. Teachers and textbooks are usually incorrect.ANSWERS:(1) A(2)A(3)C(4)C05年请大家看一看Mary 和 Peter,还有他们的朋友们有一次怎样的奇遇呢?Mary and Peter were having a picnic with some friends near a river when Mary shouted, “Look! That ‘s a spaceship up there and it’s going to land here.” Frightened by the strange spaceship, all the young people got into their cars and drove away as quickly as possible except P。