
科技英语被动语态的翻译PPT优秀课件.ppt
29页Translation SkillTranslation Skill科技英语翻译技巧Extensive Use of Passive VoiceExtensive Use of Passive Voice(被动语态)Translation SkillTranslation Skill (被动语态翻译技巧)2021/5/261Ø当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时; The English evening has been put off till Saturday. We haven’t been notified. You’re wanted on the phone. 在英语学习中,被动语态句子十分常见,主要有以下几种情况:Translation Skill — Passive Voice (翻译技巧 ——被动语态的译法)Translation Skill — Passive Voice (翻译技巧 ——被动语态的译法)Ø出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁 You are requested to give a performance. It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 在英语学习中,被动语态句子十分常见,主要有以下几种情况:Ø为了强调被动者,使其位置鲜明、突出时; Three machines can be controlled by a single operator. The program was designed by ourselves. 在英语学习中,被动语态句子十分常见,主要有以下几种情况:Translation Skill — Passive Voice (翻译技巧 ——被动语态的译法)Ø为更好地联接上下文。
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 在英语学习中,被动语态句子十分常见,主要有以下几种情况:Translation Skill — Passive Voice (翻译技巧 ——被动语态的译法)Ø“ “被被” ”字式字式————不幸语态不幸语态 Ø“ “让让” ”、、“ “给给” ”、、” ”叫叫” ”、、“ “挨挨” ”、、“ “受受” ”、、“ “遭遭” ”、、“ “蒙蒙” ”Ø“ “是是…………的的” ” 表示静态的句子表示静态的句子 Ø“ “…………的是的是” ” Ø“ “…………加以加以/ /予以予以” ”组成倒置的宾语结构组成倒置的宾语结构 汉语被动意义的表达方式─用词汇的手段来表现被动意义Translation Skill — Passive Voice (翻译技巧 ——被动语态的译法)Translation Skill — Passive Voice 科技英语主要是叙述事理,往往不需要说出主动者,科技英语主要是叙述事理,往往不需要说出主动者,或对被动者比主动者更为关心。
此外,科技工作者为了表或对被动者比主动者更为关心此外,科技工作者为了表示客观和谦虚的态度,往往避免使用第一人称,因而尽可示客观和谦虚的态度,往往避免使用第一人称,因而尽可能使用被动语态因此,在翻译英语被动语态时,大量语能使用被动语态因此,在翻译英语被动语态时,大量语句应译成主动句,少数句子仍可译成被动句句应译成主动句,少数句子仍可译成被动句Ø译成汉语的被动句;Ø译成汉语的主动句;Ø译成汉语的其他句型译成汉语的被动句 英语的有些着重被动动作的被动句,要译成被动句,以英语的有些着重被动动作的被动句,要译成被动句,以突出其被动意义被动含义可用突出其被动意义被动含义可用““被被””、、““由由””、、““给给””、、““加以加以””、、““为为…………所所””、、““使使””、、““把把””、、““让让””、、““叫叫””、、““为为””、、““挨挨””、、““遭遭””等表达Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man. 译:地球上早期的火肯定是由由大自然而不是人类引燃引燃的The circuit is broken by the insulating material. 译:电路被绝缘材料隔绝了。
Translation Skill — Passive Voice译成汉语的被动句译成汉语的被动句Besides voltage, resistance and capacitance, an alternating current is also influenced by inductance.译:除了电压,电阻和电容之外,交流电还受到电感的影响When the electrons fly away from the hydrogen nuclei, they are attracted toward the oxygen atoms. 译:当氢原子飞离其核时,这些电子就被吸向氧原子译成汉语的主动句译成汉语的主动句 当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,又不出现由介当英语被动句中的主语为无生命的名词,又不出现由介词词byby引导的行为主体时,往往可译成汉语的主动句,原句引导的行为主体时,往往可译成汉语的主动句,原句的主语在译文中仍为主语这种把被动语态直接译成主动的主语在译文中仍为主语这种把被动语态直接译成主动语态的句子,实际是省略了语态的句子,实际是省略了““被被””字的被动句。
字的被动句1.原主语仍译为主语Other questions will be discussed briefly.译:其它问题将简单地加以讨论Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another. 译:每时每刻,能量都在由一种形式转换成另一种形式1.原主语仍译为主语原主语仍译为主语Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation. 译:核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括炼油厂是巨大的工厂,原油在这些工厂里分离成各种成分 译: Refineries are huge “factories” where crude oil is separated into “fractions”.译成汉语的主动句译成汉语的主动句 把原主语译成宾语,而把行为主体或相当于行为主体把原主语译成宾语,而把行为主体或相当于行为主体的介词宾语译成主语的介词宾语译成主语2.主语译成宾语A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.译:原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。
Plants and trees are provided by nature with four means of dispersing their seeds.译:大自然赋予草木四种传播种子的方法Friction can be reduced and the life of the machine prolonged by lubrication. 译:润滑能减少摩擦,延长机器寿命2.主语译成宾语主语译成宾语Modern scientific discoveries lead to the conclusion that energy may be created from matter and that matter in turn, may be created from energy. 译:近代科学的发现得出这样的结论:物质可以产生能量,能量又可以产生物质下一章提供了相关的数据资料 译:The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.译成汉语的主动句译成汉语的主动句 增译逻辑主语:原句未包含动作的发出者,译成主动增译逻辑主语:原句未包含动作的发出者,译成主动句时可以从逻辑出发,适当增加不确定的主语,如句时可以从逻辑出发,适当增加不确定的主语,如““人们人们””、、““有人有人””、、““大家大家””、、““我们我们””等,并把原句的主语等,并把原句的主语译成宾语。
译成宾语3.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launchedwere launched again and again. 译:为了探测月球的表面,人们一次又一次地发射火箭 It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.译:人们普遍认为孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品3.增补泛指性的词语增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等人们,大家等)作主语作主语 由it做形式主语的被动句型这种句型在科技英语中比比皆是,十分普遍,汉译时一般均按主动结构译出即将原文中的主语从句译在宾语的位置上,而把it做形式主语的主句译成一个独立语或分句It做形式主语的句型有:3.增补泛指性的词语增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等人们,大家等)作主语作主语It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It is asserted that … 有人主张 …… It is believed that … 有人认为…… It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说…… 3.增补泛指性的词语增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家人们,大家等等)作主语作主语It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.译:可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。
有人强调说,科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域:自然科学和社会科学译:It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.译成汉语的其他句型译成汉语的其他句型 英语的许多被动句不需或无法讲出动作的发出者,往往英语的许多被动句不需或无法讲出动作的发出者,往往可译成汉语的无主句,而把原句中的主语译成宾语英语可译成汉语的无主句,而把原句中的主语译成宾语英语中有些固定的动词短语,如:中有些固定的动词短语,如:make use of,pay attention to, take care of,put an end to等用于被动句时,常译成被动句等用于被动句时,常译成被动句1.译成汉语的无主句Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.译:应该尽最大努力告知年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。
Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion. 译:已经注意到采取防腐新措施译成汉语的其他句型译成汉语的其他句型 由it做形式主语的被动句型这种句型在科技英语中比比皆是,十分普遍,汉译时也可按无主语结构译出即将原文中的主语从句译在宾语的位置上,而把it做形式主语的主句译成一个动词结构It做形式主语的其他句型有:1.译成汉语的无主句译成汉语的无主句It is hoped that … 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说…… It is supposed that … 据推测…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见…… 1.译成汉语的无主句译成汉语的无主句普遍认为,这些材料能承受强大应力和高温 译: It is widely acknowledged that these materials can withstand strong stress and high temperature. 讨论了发展中国家不断增长的人口对事物和纤维制品的需求。
译:The demands for food and fiber for ever increasing population in developing countries are discussed.译成汉语的其他句型译成汉语的其他句型 英语的许多被动句不需或无法讲出动作的发出者,往往英语的许多被动句不需或无法讲出动作的发出者,往往可译成汉语的无主句,而把原句中的主语译成宾语英语可译成汉语的无主句,而把原句中的主语译成宾语英语中有些固定的动词短语,如:中有些固定的动词短语,如:make use of,pay attention to, take care of,put an end to等用于被动句时,常译成被动句等用于被动句时,常译成被动句 凡着重描述事物的过程、性质和状态的英语被动句,实凡着重描述事物的过程、性质和状态的英语被动句,实际上与系表结构很相近,往往可译成际上与系表结构很相近,往往可译成““是是…………的的””结构2.译成汉语的判断句The voltage is not controlled in that way. 译:电压不是用那样的方法控制的All matter is made up of atoms.译:一切物质都是由原子构成的。
2.译成汉语的判断句译成汉语的判断句电阻是由欧姆来度量的译: Resistance is measured in Ohms. The equations below are derived from those above.译:下面的方程式是由上面的那些方程式推导出来的lPerfumes may be made from the oils of certain flowers. Soaps are made from vegetable and animal oils.l有些花儿产生的油可以用来制造香水植物油和动物油还可以用来制作肥皂 lEven today, specific forecasts are only made for the period of 3 to 5 days in advance. l即使今天人们也只能对未来3-5天的天气作出具体的预报Practice lBy the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.l大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
lA film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a bearing. l轴承的滑动面之间上了一层油膜lTelevision, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.l人们常说, 电视使人了解时事, 熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断 地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目Practice l可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多 It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.l有人强调说,科学的范畴可以分成两个主要领域:自然科学和社会科学。
l It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas: natural science and social science.l然后,再用输油管或油罐车把这些产品分送到基层销售点,如汽油和柴油加油站,在那里出售给最终用户lThen these fractions must be distributed by pipeline or tanker to the final distributors, such as filling stations (for gasoline and diesel oil), which sell it to the ultimate users.部分资料从网络收集整理而来,供大家参考,感谢您的关注!。






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