英美概况总结范文.doc

英美概况总结范文 　　 (黑体皆为老师课件所示重点，前加#为特别重要)美国 　　 1、Official name:The United States of America,(U.S.A.) 　　 2、Uncle Sam（山姆大叔） 　　 3、State Emblem州徽 　　 4、Bald Eagle白头鹰(bald[b:ld]eagle[i:ɡl])作为美国的国鸟，是俯瞰能力的象征 　　 白头鹰是美国国徽的主要图案，代表着勇猛、力量和胜利 　　 5、国花（rose） 　　 6、Capital city:New York 　　 7、The U.S.is boundedby theAtlantic Ocean to theeast,the PacificOceanto the west,Canada to the north,and Mexicotothesouth. 　　 8、land area:9.3million square kilometers.the fourthlargest countryin theworld thereare50states in the UnitedStates 　　 9、The biggestmountain ranges:the AppalachianMountains and the Rockymountains 　　 10、Landscape风景，景色；山水画Grand Canyon科罗拉多河的大峡谷Yellowstone NationalPark黄石公园Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布Mount McKinley麦金利雪山 　　 11、Population298million(the yearofxx)The largestethnic groupis Whitepeople,which includespeople ofEuropean,North African,and MiddleEastern descent,make up81.7%of thepopulation.Others includeAfrican American(12.9%),Asian American(4.2%) 　　 12、Official language:English 　　 13、The Warof Independence(1775-1783)、、、、、、Declaration of Independence(July4,1776)The warof Independencecame to an endin1781with thevictory ofNorth Americans,The Treatyof Paris巴黎条约was signedin1783and Britainhad torecognize theindependence ofThe UnitedStates. 　　 14、The Political System in the UnitedStates Articlesof Confederation十三州邦联宪法（美国第一部宪法）Two mainfears whilewriting theConstitution 　　 1、one personor groupmight beetoo powerfulor beable toseize controlof thecountry. 　　 2、The newcentral governmentmight weakenor takeaway thepower of the stategovernments orto runtheir ownaffairs.Legislative[ledisl?tiv]Branch立法部门 　　 1、It consists of aCongress thatis dividedinto twohouses:The House of Representatives众议院The Senate参议院 　　 2、The mainduty of the CongressTo makelaws Executive[iɡzekjutiv]Branch行政部门The chiefexecutive of the UnitedStates is the presidentwho iselected toa four-year term.Judicial Branch司法部门It consists of achief justiceand eightassociate justices.Most of these casesnvolved disputesover theinterpretation oflaws andlegislation. 　　 15、Two majorpolitical parties:a.The DemocraticParty民主党.(more liberal)Donkey b.The RepublicanParty共和党.(conservative保守)Elephant 　　 16、Industrial RevolutionFive developmentin the UnitedStates: 　　 1、The introductionof thefactory system. 　　 2、The Americansystem ofmass productionwhich originatedinthefirearms industryabout1800.3.The applicationof theNew technologiesto industrialtasks.4.The emergencyof newforms ofbusiness organization.5.The constructionof railroadsbeginning inthe1830s,marked thestart ofa newera for the UnitedStates. 　　 17、The majorAmerican religions 　　 1、Protestantism[prtist?ntiz?m]n.新教；新教教义；新教徒:60% 　　 2、Catholicism[k?θlisiz?m]n.天主教；天主教义:25% 　　 3、Judaism[d?u:deiiz?m]犹太教 　　 18、American holidaysNew Year‘s DayJanuary1//////President‘s Day华盛顿诞辰日Third Monday in FebruaryMemorial Day阵亡将士纪念日（纪念日）Last Mondayin May//////////Independence Day独立日（国庆节）July4Labor Day劳动日First Mondayin SeptemberThanksgiving感恩节Fourth Thursdayin NovemberChristmas Day圣诞节December25▲The DeclarationStated“We holdthese truthsto beself-evident,that allmen arecreated equal,that theyare endowedby theirCreator withcertain inalienablerights,that among these areLife,Liberty,and thepursuit ofHappiness.”美国重点 　　 1、历史(黑体皆为老师课件所示重点，前加#为特别重要)1607British FirstSettlement atJames town,Virginia byLondon pany1620Pilgrims landat PlymouthMass In1620,Mayflower Compact五月花号公约1765The StampAct---the heavytax1774The FirstContinental Congress1775The SecondContinental CongressThe firstshots werefired atLexington,Massachusetts in17751776July4,Independent DayCommon Senseby ThomasPaine January,1776it arguedfor independencefrom Britishrule#The DeclarationofIndependenceThomas Jefferson.Defined therights of the peopleof theindependent states.On July4，1776,it wasapproved.The birthofAmerica.1787Constitutional Congress1789Washington becamePresident atNew York1803Louisiana Purchase1848Gold Rushin California,Westmovement Frontierism1865Lincoln isAssassinated，1861-1865American CivilWar#Open DoorPolicy P336Roosevelt’s“New Deal”P3481942VOA林肯的government of the people,by thepeople,for thepeople,shall notperish from the earth. 　　 2、制度Political System:federalism（联邦制）------meaning thereis a division of powers betweenthe federal government and the stategovernment.The Separation of powers-------meaning thereis alsoadivisionofpowersamongthethree branchesof thefederalgovernment.Bill ofRights人权法案the first10amendments tothe lawthe DemocraticParty民主党&the RepublicanParty共和党Election Process:Five Stages 　　 1、The Primary初选（From Jan.to June）The NationalConventions（July toAugust)全国代表大会campaign platform竞选纲领;candidates forpresident andvice president总统候选人The ElectionCampaign竞选活动(September toOctober)The ElectionDay大选（the firstTuesday afterthe secondWednesday inDecember)Electors electPresident/Casting theElectoral VotesElectoral CollegeSystem选举团制{Voters选民（senators)+435(representatives)+3(WshingtonD.C.)，270Electors areneeded towin，xxObama got280Elec。