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2022年12月英语四级语法备战:with的用法大全.docx

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    • 2022年12月英语四级语法备战:with的用法大全它是由介词with或without+复合构造构成,复合构造作介词with或without的复合宾语,复合宾语中第一局部宾语由名词或代词充当,其次局部补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当,分词可以是现在分词,也可以是过去分词With构造构成方式如下:1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词;2. with或without-名词/代词+副词;3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语;4. with或without-名词/代词+动词不定式;5. with或without-名词/代词+分词下面分别举例:1、 She came into the room,with her nose red because of cold.(with+名词+形容词,作伴随状语)2、 With the meal over , we all went home.(with+名词+副词,作时间状语)3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。

      with+名词+介词短语,作伴随状语) The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house,with not a man ,woman or child to say he was kind to me.(with+名词+不定式,作伴随状语) He could not finish it without me to help him.(without+代词 +不定式,作条件状语)5、She fell asleep with the light burning.(with+名词+现在分词 ,作伴随状语)6、Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.(without+代词+过去分词,作为缘由状语)二、with构造的用法在句子中with构造多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随状况、时间、缘由或条件(详见上述例句)With构造在句中也可以作定语例如:1.I like eating the mooncakes with eggs.2.From space the earth looks like a huge water-covered globe with a few patches of land sticking out above the water.3.A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.三、 with构造的特点1. with构造由介词with或without+复合构造构成。

      复合构造中第一局部与其次局部语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系,而在规律上,却具有主谓关系,也就是说,可以用第一局部作主语,其次局部作谓语,构成一个句子例如: With him taken care of,we felt quite relieved.(欣慰)→(He was taken good care of.) She fell asleep with the light burning. →(The light was burning.) With her hair gone,there could be no use for them. →(Her hair was gone.)2. 在with构造中,第一局部为人称代词时,则该用宾格代词例如: He could not finish it without me to help him.四、 几点说明:1. with构造在句子中的位置: with 构造在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、缘由时一般放在句子前面,并用逗号与句子分开;表示方式和伴随状况时一般放在句子后面,不用逗号分开若with构造作定语,则放在所修饰的名词之后,一般不用逗号隔开。

      2. with构造作状语时,不定式、现在分词 、和过去分词的区分: 在with构造中,不定式、现在分词作宾补,表示主动,但是不定式表示将要发生的动作,而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作;过去分词表示被动或完成例如: With the boy leading the way,we found he house easily.(小男孩已领过路)With the boy to lead the way,we will find the house easily tomorrow.(小男孩明天将领路)He lay on the bed with the bedroom door shut.(寝室被关着)3. with构造与一般的with短语的区分: with构造具有上述功能和特点,而“介词with+名词或代词(组)“组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和状语作状语时,它能表示动作的方式、缘由,但不能表示时间、伴随和条件在一般的with短语中,with后面所跟的不是复合构造,也根本没有规律上的主谓关系4. with构造与独立主格构造的关系: with构造属于独立主格构造,但在构造上,with构造由介词with或without引导,名词前有冠词、形容词、全部格代词或其它词类所修饰,构造较松散;而独立主格构造没有with或without引导,构造严密,名词前可用可不用修饰语。

      在句法功能上,with构造可以作定语,独立主格构造则不能;独立主格构造通常在句中作状语,但也可以作主语,而with构造则不能独立主格在口语中不常用,往往由一个从句代替,而with构造较口语化,较常用例如:There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them.(“with+复合宾语“构造,在句中作定语)A strong man working a whole day could not jump this high.(名词+现在分词构成的独立主格构造,作主语)The boy said,turning to the man,his eyes opened wide and his hand raised.(独立主格构造,表示伴随状况或行为方式,作状语)Then last night,I followed him here,and climbed in,sword in hand.(名词+介词短语构成的独立主格构造,作状语,表示伴随状况)。

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