(新版)GDAL简介与应用.doc

1、GDAL开源库GDAL(Geospatial Data Abstraction Library)是一个操作各种栅格地理数据格式的库， GDAL是一个在MIT/X许可协议(MIT许可证源自麻省理工学院Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Ml又称X条款或X11条款)下的开源栅格空间数据转换库，它利用抽象 数据模型来表达所支持的各种文件格式除此之外，这个库还同时包括了操作矢量数据的 OGR(OpenGIS Simple Feature Reference Implementation)挥，一般将这两个挥合称为 GDAL/OGR,或者简称力GDAL这样这个库就同时具备了操作栅格和矢量数据的能力 由于MIT协议的开放性，任何人都可以基于GDAL库来编写自己的软件而不需要原作者的 授权，许多著名的G1S软件都是川丫 GDAL/OGR库，如ESR1的ArcGIS 9.2, Google的Google Earth以及开源的GRASS GIS系统等表1是GDAL所支持格式表1 GDAL所支持格式格式全称格式名称可写入地理参考支持文件 最大数据量默认编译Arc/Info ASCII GridAAIGridYesYes2GBYesADRG/ARCDigitilized RasterGraphics (.gen/.thf)ADRGYesYes--YesArc/Info BinaryGrid (.adf)AIGNoYes--YesAIRSARPolarimetricAIRSARNoNo—YesMagellan BLX TopoCblx, .xlb)BLXYesYes--YesMicrosoft WindowsDevice IndependentBitmap (.bmp)BMPYesYes4GiBYesBSB Nautical ChartFormat (.kap)BSBNoYes--Yes, can bedisabledVTP Binary TerrainFormat (.bt)BTYesYes—YesCEOS (Spot forinstance)CEOSNoNo--YesDRDC COASP SARProcessor RasterCOASPNoNo--YesTerraSAR-XComplex SAR DataProductCOSARNoNo--YesConvair PolGASPdataCPGNoYes--YesSpot DIMAPDIMAPNoYes--Yes(metadata.dim)ELAS DIPExDIPExNoYes--YesDODS / OPeNDAPDODSNoYes--No, needslibdapFirst GenerationUSGS DOO (.doq)DOQ1NoYes--YesNew Labelled USGSDOO (.doq)DOQ2NoYes—YesMilitary ElevationData (.dtO, .dtl, .dt2)DTEDYesYes--YesERMapperCompressedWavelets (.ecw)ECWYesYesNo, needs ECWSDKESRI .hdr LabelledEHdrYesYesNo limitsYesNASA ELASELASYesYes—YesENVI .hdr LabelledRasterENVIYesYesNo limitsYesERMapper (.ers)ERSYesYesYesEnvisat ImageProduct (.nl)ESATNoNo--YesEOSAT FASTFormatFASTNoYes—YesFITFITYesNo--YesFITS (.fits)FITSYesNo--No, needslibcfitsioFuji BAS Scanner ImageFujiBASNoNo—YesGeneric Binary (.hdr Labelled)GENBINNoNo--YesGSat File FormatGFFNoNo—YesGraphicsInterchange Format(.gif)GIFYesNo2GBYes (internalGIF libraryprovided)WMOGRIB1/GRIB2(•grb)GRIBNoYes2GBYes, can bedisabledGMT CompatiblenetCDFGMTYesYes2GBNo, needslibnetcdfGRASS RastersGRASSNoYes—No, needslibgrassGolden SoftwareASCII GridGSAGYesNo--YesGolden SoftwareBinary GridGSBGYesNo4GiB(32767x32767 of 4 bytes each + 56 byte header)YesGolden SoftwareSurfer 7 Binary GridGS7BGNoNo4GiBYesGSC GeogridGSCYesNo--YesTIFF / BisTIFF /GeoTIFF (.tif)GTiffYesYes4GiB for classicalTIFF / No limitsfor BigTIFFYes (internallibtiff andlibgeotiffprovided)GXF - Gridexchange FileGXFNoYes4GiBYesHierarchical DataFormat Release 4(HDF4)HDF4YesYes2GiBNo, needs libdfHierarchical DataFormat Release 5(HDF5)HDF5YesYes2GiBNo, needslibhdf5Erdas Imagine(•img)HFAYesYesNo limitsYesImage Display andAnalysis (WinDisp)IDAYesYes2GBYesILWIS Raster Map(.mpn.mpl)ILWISYesYes--YesIntergraph RasterINGRYesYes2GiBYesUSGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version2)ISIS2NoYes--YesUSGS Astrogeology ISIS cube (Version3)ISIS3NoYes—YesJAXA PALSARProduct Reader(Level 1.1/1.5)JAXAPALSARNoNo--YesJapanese DEM(.mem)JDEMNoYes—YesJPEG JFIF(.ipg)JPEGYesYes4GiB (maxdimentions65500x65500)Yes (internallibjpegprovided)JPEG2000(.ip2, .i2k)JPEG2000YesYes2GiBNo, needslibjasperJPEG2000(.ip2, .i2k)JP2KAKYesYesNo limitsNo, needsKakadu libraryJPEG2000(.ip2, .i2k)JP2ECWYesYes500MBNo, needs ECWSDKJPEG2000(.ip2, .i2k)JP2MrSIDYesYesNo, needsMrSID SDKNOAA Polar OrbiterLevel lb Data Set(AVHRR)LIBNoYes—YesErdas 7.x .LANand .GISLANNoYes2GBYesFARSITE v.4 LCPFormatLCPNoYesYesDaylon LevellerHeightfieldLevellerNoYes2GBYesIn Memory RasterMEMYesYes2GiBYesVexcel MFFMFFYesYesNo limitsYesVexcel MFF2MFF2 (HKV)YesYesNo limitsYesMulti-resolutionSeamless ImageDatabaseMrSIDNoYes--No, needsMrSID SDKMeteosat SecondGenerationMSGNoYesNo, needs msg libraryEUMETSATArchive native (.nat)MSGNNoYesYesNLAPS Data FormatNDFNoYesNo limitsYesNITFNITFYesYes4GBYesNetCDFnetCDFYesYes2GBNo, needslibnetcdf◦GDI BridgeOGDINoYes—No, needsOGDI libraryPCI .aux LabelledFAuxYesNoNo limitsYesPCI GeomaticsDatabase FilePCIDSKYesYesNo limitsYesPCRaster (.map)PCRasterYesYesNo, needs libedfNASA PlanetaryData SystemPDSNoYes--YesPostgis CHIP raster(under development)PGCHIPYesYes。