人教版初中英语九年级全一册语法知识点汇总.doc

人教版初中英语九年级全一册语法知识点汇总动词1. 被动语态（passive voice）（1）主动语态和被动语态英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（active voice）和被动语态（passive voice）当主语为动 作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态；当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态练习】：判断下列句子为主动句还是被动句，并找出该动作的执行者和承受者 Many people speak English.Bell invented the telephone in 1876.English is spoken by many people.The telephone was invented by Bell in 1876.（2）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词 be 有人称、数和时态的变化， 其变化规则与 be 作为连系动词时完全一样现以动词 ask 为例，将一般现在时和一般过去 时被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：一 般 现肯定式I am asked ....否定式I am not asked...疑问式Am I asked...?在时He /She is asked...He /She is not asked...Is he/she asked...?We / You /They are asked... We / You /They are not Are we/you / they asked...?asked...一 般 过I was asked...I was not asked...Was I asked...?去时He/She was asked...He/She was not asked...Was he/she asked...?We / You /They were We / You /They were not Were we/you/they asked...?1asked...asked...（3）含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词 + Be + 及物动词的过去分词”构成。

Your room must be cleaned every day.The trees may be planted behind the house.This game can be played in the winter.（4）被动语态的用法当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者、或者没有必要说明谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作 的承受者时，要用被动语态The blouse is made of silk.The zipper is often used in our daily lives.I think the TV was invented after the car.2. 过去完成时（past perfect tense）*(1) 过去完成时的构成： 助动词 had(用于各种人称和数) + 过去分词(2) 过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作它表示动作发生的时 间是“过去的过去”表示过去某一时间可用 by, before 等构成的短语，也可用 when, before 等引导的从句，或者通过上下文表示By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.When I got to the school, I realized I had left my backpack at home.The movie had started before I arrived at the cinema.By the time I got to the airport, my flight had already taken off.23. 情态动词(modal verbs)很多情态动词都可以表示推测，但所办含的意义不尽相同。

1) mustmust 表示很大的可能性，意为“一定；必定”，只用于肯定句中The backpack must belong to Carla.It’s 10:00 p.m. He must be at home by now.(2) can 和 can'tcan 常用于否定句或疑问句中表示惊异、疑问、不相信等can't 表示“不大可能”Can it be true?What can he mean?He can’t be more than 40.I trust Joe. He can’t be lying.除上述情态动词外，may,might,could 都能表示“可能”could ,might 语气更加委婉， might 语气最为缓和，含义更不确定如：She looks beautiful. I think she may be an actress.It could be Mei’s hair band. Or it might belong to Linda. They both have long hair.宾语从句(Objective Clauses)在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子就叫做宾语从句，引导宾语从句的常见关联词 由 that, if , whether, what, who, where, why, how 等。

关联词that （在口语或非正式文体中常 省略）例句I think (that) Halloween is a fun festival.Mary thinks (that) the teams were just fantastic.Many think (that) sharks are too strong to be endangered.3whether， if 在口语中常用 if I wonder if/whether they’ll have the races again next year.Ben wonders if/whether April is a good time to visit Thailand.who , what, which, when, where , Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?how, whyDo you know when the bookstore closes today?I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous.Can you tell me who she is?定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或 代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词例如：I like music that I can dance to.Carmen likes musicians who play different kinds of music.上面两句中的 music 和 musicians 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫做先行词，定语从句放在先行 词的后面引导定语从句的词由关系代词 that,which,who(宾格 whom,所有格 whose)和关系副 词 where,when,why. 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又 作定语从句的一个成分由关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词that 在从句中作主语或宾语指 物 或指人例句I love movies that are funny.(作主语)April Fool’s Day is a celebration that takes place in different countries around the world.(作主语)Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you.（作宾语）That’s the man that you are looking for.（作宾语） 4which 在从句中作主语或宾 语who, whom 在从句中分别作 主语和宾语指物指人The book which is on the table is mine.(作主语)The story which he told was very interesting. （作宾 语）I’d like to congratulate all the students who are here today.(作主语)I love singers who write their own music.(作主语)The person to whom you just spoke is Mr. Li. （作宾 语）注释：关系代词在句中作宾语时常可省略。

构词法(Word Formation)英语中很多单词的构成形式是有规律的，掌握单词的构成规律有助于理解和记忆词汇英语 常见的构词法有合成、派生和转化缩写和简写也是构词法的一种1. 合成法(Compounding)由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法例如：classroomovercomeblackboardfifty-fourworldwideeverythinggood-lookingdownstairs2. 派生法(Derivation)在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫做派生法加在单词前面的词 缀叫前缀，加在后面的词缀叫后缀前缀un- 不、非，表示否定后缀-or/-er 从事某种职业的人，名词后缀dis-bi-inter-不、非，表示否定两个、双边的相互、交互、在一起-ist-ese-tion人，名词后缀民族、语言，名词后缀表示动作、状态，名词后缀5re-tele-又、再、重新 远-ful-y-ing-ed充满，形容词后缀表示性质，形容词后缀形容词后缀 形容词后缀-al ....的，形容词后缀-able-less-ly能够，形容词后缀没有、无 形容词后缀副词或形容词后缀。