
计算机英语 ppt.ppt
200页计算机英语,软件学院,2,1.课程的性质和任务 计算机专业英语是计算机及软件工程专业本科生的必修课通过本课程的学习,提高学生阅读和理解计算机英文资料的能力,增强学生科技英语的写作水平及对外交流能力《计算机英语》 课程教学计划,3,2、课程教学的基本要求 (1)学习和掌握专业英语基础知识,包括常 见的专业英语词汇、语法、句型和常用的 表达方法; (2)掌握专业英语的阅读理解方法与翻译技 巧; (3)掌握专业英语的写作方法; (4)培养学生对专业科技文献的读、听、说、 写能力; (5)培养学生从英文资料中获取知识和信息 的能力4,3、教学方法与教学形式 (1)本课采用多媒体教学,以教师讲授为主,学生听课为辅 ,使学生对课程内容有比较深刻的理解和较全面的掌握; (2)课上教师采用讲练式、讨论式等教学方式;课下学生可采用个别化自主学习、协作学习等多种学习方式5,4、教学内容和时数分配表,6,教学内容和时数分配表 (续),7,教学内容和时数分配表 (续),8,5、课程总学时 本课程开设一学期 课堂教学:36学时(18周,每周2学时) 6、成绩考核 学完本课的成绩计算方法:平时占50%,期末闭卷考试50%。
平时成绩计算方法:平时考勤、课堂表现、练习等 7、教材和参考书 参考书1: 计算机英语 Computer English (刘艺 王春生 主编 机械工业大学出版社 ) 参考书2: 计算机专业英语(第3版) (王小刚 主编 机械工业出版社),9,8、上课时间和地点 2班 星期三上午 第1大节 W7204 1班 星期三上午 第2大节 W1101 9、 教学反馈 E-mail: cuixiang_zhong@ : 2759253,10,第一讲 专业英语的特点与学习技巧 1.1 专业英语的特点 专业英语是在普通英语基础上结合专业知识、语言知识,并充分重视其语言的“专业化”而发展起来的一门课程它不是简单的“普通英语加专业词汇”,而是一种语言与专业知识的综合课程 与普通英语相比较,专业英语具有如下特点: (1)专业词汇的特殊性 专业英语文献中包含大量的专业词汇、专业术语、 名词性词组、合成词等等这些专业词汇和术语具有特殊的拼法和读法,表示特殊的意义 例如,computer, network, CPU, BASIC, VBScript, parallel computer,11,(2)语句结构的特殊性 a)专业英语中为了表达复杂的概念或为了准确、细致地描述事物或过程,常常使用长句。
而造成长句的直接原因有三方面: (i) 修饰成分过多;(ii) 并列成分多; (iii) 语言结构层次多例如, An information system consists of all the components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information.,12,,b)为了体现科技知识的客观性,科技文体中常常使用被动语态,说明书和使用手册常用祈使句因为在很多情况下,动作的执行者可以是任何人,不需要强调或根本不知道真正的执行者 Example 1: A system is defined as a collection of related components that interact to perform a task in order to accomplish a goal. Example 2:Connecting the Monitor 1)Connect the power cord for your monitor to the power port on the back of the monitor. 2)Plug the power cord for the monitor into a nearby outlet. ……,13,c)在时态方面,专业英语主要使用一般现在时。
因为专业资料所涉及的内容(如科学定义、定理、方程式或公式、图表等)一般没有特定的时间关系,所以专业英语主要使用一般现在时例如, The third-generation computers appeared on the market in 1965.These computers could do a million calculations a second, which is 1000 times as many as first-generation computers.,14,d)为了强调句子的某个部分(如 主语、宾语、状语, 但不能是定语、表语或谓语 ),专业英语中常用 “It…”句型结构例如, Example 1: CPU controls the entire computer system. It is CPU that controls the entire computer system. Example 2: That a computer cannot run without a CPU is evident . It is evident that a computer cannot run without a CPU. Example 3: That any map can be colored with five colors has been proved . It has been proved that any map can be colored with five colors .,15,Example 4: He read three books in the library yesterday. It was three books that he read in the library yesterday. (强调宾语) It was in the library that he read three books yesterday. (强调地点状语) It was yesterday that he read three books in the library .(强调时间状语) Example 5: Temperature drops because of the rain. It is because of the rain that temperature drops (强调原因状语),16,Example 6: Mary usually goes to school by bus . It is by bus that Mary usually goes to school (强调方式状语) e) “not…until…”句型的强调结构为“It is not until…that…”,其中把否定词not转移到until前面。
Example 7: Heat was not considered as a form of energy until the 19th century. It was not until the 19th century that heat was considered as a form of energy. Example 8: It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent.(it形式主语) 看起来这两个学科是相互依赖的17,,f) 为了表示假设或可能性不大的情况, 专业英语中也常用虚拟语气例如 Example1: If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk. Example2: The problem could of course be less if there were fewer students attending the same lesson. Example3: I just wish there were someone as passionate and eloquent as you.,18,g)科技文章还经常使用其他一些特定句型,如下所列: (1) It is evident that a well lubricated bearing turns more easily than a dry one. 显然,润滑好的轴承,比不润滑的轴承容易 转动。
(2) It seems that these two branches of science are mutually dependent and interacting. 看来这两个科学分支是相互依存,相互作用的19,(3) Computers may be classified as analog and digital. 计算机可分为模拟计算机和数字计算机两种 (4) The switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened three times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三倍 (或——缩短为三分之一 (5) This steel alloy is believed to be the best available here . 人们认为这种合金钢是这里能提供的最好的合金钢 (6) Electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed as light. 电磁波传送的速度和光速相同20,,,(7) Microcomputers are very small in size , as is shown in Fig.5. 如图5所示,微型计算机体积很小。
(8) In water sound travels nearly five times as fast as in air. 声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍 (9) Compared with hydrogen, oxygen is nearly 16 times as heavy. 氧与氢比较,重量大约是它的十六倍 (10) The resistance being very high, the current in the circuit was low. 由于电阻很大,电路中通过的电流就小21,(11) Ice keeps the same temperature while melting. 冰在溶化时,其温度保持不变 (12) An object, once in motion, will keep on moving because of its inertia. 物体一旦运动,就会因惯性而持续运动 (13) All substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid ,are made of atoms . 一切物质,不论是气态、液态,还是固态,都由原子组成。
22,(3)专业英语中图表和数据的广泛性 在专业英语中,插图、插画、表格、公式及数字所占的比例较大 (4)专业英语论述的严谨性与逻辑性 因为科技类专业文章主要是为了阐明某一客观事实、演绎某一论点或理论,故在文章结构上对论述要求很严格,既要严谨又要符合逻辑23,(5)专业英语的精练性 精练性指专业英语在表达形式上要求简洁、 精练希望用尽可能少的单词来清晰地表达 原意,所以在专业英语中广泛使用非限定动词、名词化单词、词组及其简化形式 i)动名词的运用 动名词短语可用于取代时间状语从句 例1:Before it is executed,the program should be loded into main memory. 相应的精练表达形式是: Before being executed, the program should be loded into main memory.,。









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