专业英语-地层学.doc

 Open the way to (≈Pave the way for)  Correlation （地层）对比；相关性Lithostratigraphic Correlation 岩石地层对比Principle of the Correlation of Parts 器官相关定律  Erudite 博学的；博学之士  Contemporary 同时代的；同时代的人或物  Pay heed to ( = Pay attention to)  Prove (≈Turn out to be / End up / Wind up) The kimberlite pipe proved (to be) a bonanza (富矿体).  Pay heed to ( = Pay attention to) ; Retard ( = Delay)  Reactionary (≈Radical); Sucessive (≈Consecutive) Strata (地层): all layered rocks, which include all sedimentary rocks, a part of igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks. (ICS, 1994) Stratigraphy (地层学): the study of all rock bodies forming the Earth’s crust and their organization into distinctive, useful, mappable units based on their inherent properties or attributes in order to establish their distribution and relationship in space and their succession in time, and to interpret the geologic history.  Lithostratigraphy 岩石地层学  Biostratigraphy 生物地层学  Chronostratigraphy 年代地层学  Seismic Stratigraphy 地震地层学  Event Stratigraphy 事件地层学  Magnetostratigraphy 磁性地层学  Sequence Stratigraphy 层序地层学  Chemostratigraphy 化学地层学  Tectonostratigraphy 构造地层学  Ecostratigraphy 生态地层学  Quantitative Stratigraphy 定量地层学  Climatostratigraphy 气候地层学海平面升降（eustasy） 沉积层序（depositional sequence） 陆架坡折（Shelfbreak） 最大海泛面（maximum flooding surface, Mfs） 低位体系域（Lowstand systems tract, LST） 海进体系域（Transgression systems tract, TST） 高位体系域（Highstand systems tract, HST） 盆底扇（Basin-floor fan） 斜坡扇（Slope fan） 低位楔（Lowstand wedge） 下切谷充填（incised valley filling） 凝缩层（condensed section）陆架边缘体系域（Shelf-margin systems tract） 沉积基准面（Depositional base level）  Principle of Original Horizontality (原始地层水平律)All beds of sediment originally deposited in water formed as or close to horizontal layers.  Principle of Superposition (地层叠覆律)Within a sequence of undisturbed sedimentary or volcanic rocks, the layers get younger upward.  Principle of Lateral Continuity (地层侧向连续律)An original sedimentary layer extends laterally until it tapers or thins out at its edge.  Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships (地层切割律)Disruptions such as igneous intrusions are always younger than the rock they cut across.  Continuous 形容连绵不断的连续过程The horizon is a continuous line.  Continual or Successive 形容断断续续的连续过程Three successive (consecutive) episodes of mineralization. Periodic 周期性的, 定期的 Episodic 幕式的Intermittent 间歇的，断断续续的 ( an ~ spring )  A Succession of Strata 一套(连续)地层  Bedded ( = Layered / Stratified / Stratiform)  in situ (≈Autochthonous) 原地的; 原地地  Sequence 序列; 层序 ( Sequence Stratigraphy 层序地层学)  Leveling action 整平作用  Formation 组; 地质建造 Banded Iron Formation 条带状铁建造 Unconformity: a surface or contact that represents a gap in the geological record, with the rock unit immediately above the contact being considerably younger than the rock beneath.  Disconformity: a contact between parallel layers of sedimentary rocks which represents a period of erosion or a depositional gap. It is often difficult to detect in the field.  Angular unconformity: a contact in which younger strata overlie an erosion surface on tilted or folded rocks. It implies a specific sequence of geologic events.  Nonconformity: a contact with overlying sedimentary rocks on top of an erosion surface of plutonic or metamorphic rocks. Nonconformity implies long-termed erosions prior to burial and re-deposition. Sedimentary Contact Intrusive Contact（沉积接触） （侵入接触）  Depositional Gap (≈Hiatus / Break / Lapse / Pause) 沉积间断  Causes of Hiatus 地壳抬升; 构造运动; 缺少物源; 底流冲刷  Changes of a radical or striking sort 一种根本或明显的改变  Be indicative of (Indicate / Demonstrate / Exhibit / Present)  A is peculiar to B A 是 B 所特有的  Grade from A to B 从 A 渐变为 B (Graded bedding; Gradual)  Outcrop 露头 (Rock Exposure)  Quarry 采石场; 被猎食者(Prey)  Drilling Exploration 钻探; Borehole/Drill hole 钻孔  Prospecting Trench 探槽; Mining Adit 开采平硐  Attitude（地层）产状  Strike 走向  Direction of Dip (Dip) 倾向  Angle of Dip (Dip Angle) 倾角  Mountain building (Orogeny 造山运动)  Volcanism (火山活动)； Deep-sea trench (深海海沟)  All-encompassing (All-embracing; Overall 包罗万象的)  Flaw (Defect 缺陷, 瑕疵)； Reject (Refuse; Discard)  Crust (Continental Crust: ~35km; Oceanic Crust: ~7km)  Lithosphere (岩石圈: Crust + Top of the upper mantle)  Asthenosphere ( 软流圈: The partially molten part of the upper mantle. Asthenosphere underlies the lithosphere.)  Divergent (离散的; 发散的; 趋异的)  Convergent (会聚的; 收敛的; 趋同的)  Conjunction (接合面)； Dub (Term, Name 称为)  Be characterized by (以…为特征)  Head on (Approaching each other 迎面地)  Crumpled (Folded 褶皱的)  Buckle (Bend or Crumple 弯曲或褶皱)  Uplift (n. Change)  Abut (v. 毗邻；Abutting = Adjacent)  Deep-sea sediments may be scraped off the descending slab and incorporated into the adjacent mountains. (The formation of Acretionary wedges and Melange)  Consume (岩石圈)消减  Subduction Zone (俯冲带；Benioff zone)  Pressure-cooking (用高压锅蒸煮)  Deformation (变形)  Be subjected to (受制于; 遭受。