翻译硕士英语近义词汇辨析.doc

翻译硕士英语词汇辨析ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dimambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim这一组形容词都有“模糊〞的意思ambiguous a.意义模糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了obscure a.用于表达因光线缺乏而使人看不清楚该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references. 艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞 笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的方案unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的Unclear writing is difficult to understand. 模糊的字迹使人难以识别It is unclear whether the economy will get better. 经济是否好转仍不明朗dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的Don't work in dim light. 不要在昏暗的光线下工作His changes of recovery from illness are dim. 他康复的可能性十分渺茫allocate, separate, detach, divideallocate, separate, detach, divide这一组动词都有“分开〞的意思allocate v.分配，把……拨给The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。

separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks. 我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall. 我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来divide v.指将整体分为假设干个局部The huge corporation divided into smaller companies. 这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司　You can divide this between you. 这个你们可以两人平分Divide the cake with your brother. 和你兄弟分吃这块饼Divide it in half. 把它分成两半alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, declinealleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline这一组动词都有“减少，减轻〞的意思alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和The painkiller alleviated the pain. 止疼药减缓了疼痛。

diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降The supply of oil has diminished because of the war. 由于战争石油的供给减少了reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低He reduced the amount of money they could spend. 他缩减了他们的开销decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱The population decreased a lot last year. 去年人口数量急剧下降decline v. (数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined. 去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降He declined our invitation to dinner. 他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请alive, live, living, livelyalive, live, living, lively这一组形容词都跟“活〞有关。

alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置After the accident, he was barely alive. 交通事故后，他奄奄一息all man alive 所有活着的人live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的，We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV. 我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物Who is the world's greatest living artist? 谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？living room 起居室lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的She is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停alert, cautious, consideratealert, cautious, considerate这一组形容词都表示“小心的，谨慎的〞alert a.警惕的，留神的The hostess remained standing, alert to every guest's drinking need.女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。

cautious a.细心的，谨慎的He has a cautious attitude about spending money. 在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心Since not everybody is so considerate, do what you can to stay healthy. 鉴于不是每个人都这么体贴，你要做任何可以让自己保持健康的事情He expressed gratitude to the King for his warm reception and considerate arrangement. 他对国王陛下的热情款待和周到安排表示衷心感谢You have a choice in how you behave towards others. You can be generous, considerate and caring to the people around you or you can be selfish, self centered and always put your own interests first. 你可以选择如何对待别人.你可以是慷慨的,周到的和关心的对待你周围的人,也可以是自私的,自我为中心的,并且常常把自己的兴趣放在首位.aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensifyaggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify这一组动词都有“加强〞的意思。

aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警观察到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线 要求增援increase v.指数量上的增加The number of people has been increased. 人数增加了strengthen v.加强，稳固，增强，相当于to become strongerExercising every day strengthens the heart. 每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensiveintensify colors 加深色彩 intensify hatred 加深仇恨affirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaimaffirm, assert, allege, claim, announce, proclaim这一组动词都有“声称〞的意思affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词He affirmed his love for her. 他发誓爱她assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实She asserted that she was innocent. 她宣称自己是无辜的allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场claim v.要求，声称，断言。

多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in 。