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情态动词用法及其练习与答案.docx

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  • 常见问题
    • 情态动词情态动词有 can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须 与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、 can, could1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)如:Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)Mary can speak three Ianguages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替Can只有一般现在式和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时 态如: I'll not be able to come this after noon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can如:He was able to go to the party yesterday eve ning in spite of the heavy rain.2) 表示请求和允许——Can I go now?——Y es, you can. / No, you can't.此时可与may互换。

      在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉, 不能用于肯定句和答语中 Could I come to see you tomorrow?----Y es, you can. ( No, I'm afraid no t.)3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)They've cha nged the timetable, so we can go by bus in stead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中Can this be true?This can't be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might1)表示请求和允许might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式否定回答时可用can't或 must n't,表示"不可以,禁止”Might/ May I smoke in this room?---- No, you must n't.---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?----Y es, you can. (No, you can't / must n't.)用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。

      2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿 May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小 如:He may /might be very busy now.Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1) 表示必须、必要 You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用must n't (禁止,不准),而用need n't, don't have to (不必).---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?---- Yes, you must.---- No, you don't have to / you needn't.2) must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要Must只有一般现在时,have to有更多的时态形式如: He play isn't interesting, I really must go now.I had to work whe n I was your age.3) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)如: You're Tom's good friend, so you must know what he likes best.Your mother must be wait ing for you now.四、 dare, need1) dare作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。

      如: How dare you say I'm un fair?He dare n't speak En glish before such a crowd, dare he?If we dared not go there that day, we could n't get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情态动词用时,常用于疑问句、否定句在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should 代替如: You needn't come so early.---- Need I fin ish the work today?----Y es, you must. / No, you n eed n't.3) dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化在肯定句中,dare后面常 接带to的不定式在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式而need 后面只能接带to的不定式如: I dare to swim across this river.He does n't dare (to) an swer.He n eeds to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1) shall用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。

      What shall we do this evening?2) shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁如:You shall fail if you don't work hard.(警告)He shall have the book whe n I finish it.(允 诺)He shall be pun ished.(威胁)六、 will, would1) 表示请求、建议等,would 更委婉 Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2) 表示意志、愿望和决心I will n ever do that aga in. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且 没有“现已无此习惯”的含义如: Dur ing the vacati on, he would visit me every other day.The wound would not heal.4) 表示估计和猜想It would be about ten o'clock when she left home.七、 should, ought to1) should, ought to表示"应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。

      如: I should help her because she is in trouble.You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用shouldo如: You should / ought to go to class right away.Should I ope n the win dow?3) 表示推测,should , ought to (客观推测),must(主观推测)如:He must be home by now.(断定他已到家)He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)This is where the oil must be.(直爽)This is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情 态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形考点一 can ,may, must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法1. can的用法(1)表示能力、许可、可能性。

      表示能力时一般译为“能、会”,即有种能力,尤其是 生来具备的能力,此时may和must均不可代替它如:She can swim fast, but I can't . 她能游得很快,但我不能I can see with my eyes.我用眼睛看2) 表示可能、能够如:I can finish it in an hour. 我能在一小时后完成它3) 表示许可,常在口语中如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典4)表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can' t译为“不可 能”如: Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗? Can it be our teacher? 那个人有可能是我们老师吗? No, it can't be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不可能咱们老师正在游览长城呢例 --- I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there.--- No. She __ be there, I have just been there.A. can't B.mustn't C.needn't D.wouldn't[解析]根据下文“我刚去过那儿”可知,应为“不可能”,can' t表示推测 [答案] A2. could的用法(1) can的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力。

      如:He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗2) could在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could没有过去式的意思如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗? Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的钢笔吗?—Yes, you can. 可以3. may的用法(1)表示请求、许可,比can正式,如:May I borrow your bike?我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now.现在你可以回家了 例 I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are.A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求,意为“ 做……可以吗” 答案 A(2) 表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能,或许”,一般用于肯定句中如:It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨 She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.(3) 。

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