人教版小升初语法专题---动词时态与情态动词.docx

小升初语法讲义---动词第一讲时态串烧一、课程介绍知识点1.一般现在时的用法2.现在进行时的用法3.一般将来时的用法4.一般过去时的用法教学重点1.四种时态的结构2.四种时态的标志词3.四种时态的用法教学难点一般过去时的用法二、要点回顾用单词的适当形式填空1. He _________ TV at the moment. (watch) 2. My mother often ________ in bed. ( read) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only __________ it for 24 hours. (keep) 4. I_________ (buy) a new dictionary this weekend. 5. They____________ (take) photos near the river an hour ago.三、知识精要时态结构一般现在时am/is/are / do现在进行时am/is/are + doing一般将来时will + do/ am/is/are going to do一般过去时was/were/did四、要点讲练【要点1】一般现在时1.构成动词一般现在时，除主语为单数第三人称以外，谓语动词一律用原形，若主语为第三人称单数，则谓语动词的词尾应发生变化（加-s或-es）。

另外be和have有特殊的人称变化形式详见下表：动词be动词haveI am a student You are a student He (She) is a student. We (You, They) are students.I have a pen. You have a pen. He (She) has a pen. We (You, They) have pens. 小贴士1.一般现在时的三单用法：当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：1）一般在动词后直接加s如：talk –talks, live –lives, stay-stays2）以s, x., ch, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es如： watch –watches, wash –washes, go –goes3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es如： carry – carries, fly –flies4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has2.用法a．表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week/ year…等。

例如: I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学b．表示一种客观事实或普遍真理，或在谚语中例如: The earth moves/ goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转例题】 The students of Class One _____ an English class every day. A. has B. have C. had D. having【即学即用】My friend, Lucy        from Canada.A.   be    B. come    C. comes      D. are【要点2】现在进行时1.构成现在进行时由助动词be的人称形式加动词的现在分词构成它的肯定式，否定式及疑问式的结构如下： 肯定式否定式疑问式I am working now.You are working now.He (She) is working now.We (You, They) are working now.I am not working now.You are not working now.He (She) is not working now.We (You, They) are not working now.Am I working now?Are you working now?Is he (she) working now?Are we (you, they) working now?2.用法a．表示说话时正在进行的动作。

常用的时间状语有：now, at the moment等，look, listen也是现在进行时的标志词例如: Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？b．一些表示位置移动的词，如：go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等，常用现在进行时态来表示将来时例如: He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了My family is moving to Beijing next month. 我们家下个月要搬到北京例题】Where is your father, Mike? —He _______ in the kitchen. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked【即学即用】 Look! Jane’s grandmother _______ with some aged people in the park.A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing【要点3】一般将来时1.构成：动词一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成。

shall用于第一人称作主语，will用于第二、三人称作主语除英国外的说英语的国家，在陈述句中，即使在第一人称，一般也用will在口语中，常用shallwill的缩写形式’ll，shall not的缩写形式为：shan’t, will not的缩写形式为：won’t详见下表：肯定式否定式疑问式I (We) shall / will go there.I (We ) shall / will not go there.Shall I (we) go there?You (He, She, They) will go there.You (He, She, They) will not go there.Will you (he, she, they) go there?2.用法a．will do结构：表示将要发生的动作或状态常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few day, in the future ,soon, from now on, in+一段时间，等例如: I'll go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。

b．be going to do结构：表示说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事，be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化例如: Look at these black clouds. I think it's going to rain. 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了c. there be 句型的一般将来时：表示将来某地会有某人或某物，构成为：there will be或there is /are going to be,用is或are要看后面的名词否定句在will后加not，疑问句把will提到there前例如: There will be a football match in our school tomorrow. 明天在我们学校将有一场足球比赛小贴士there will be 句型只表示物体所处的地点，存在的人或物并不属于某个地方，所以句中不能出现表示拥有关系的have或has；句中的be只能使用原形，不能变化成它的具体形式例题】Look at the black clouds. It ________ tomorrow.A. rains B. will be going to rain C. is going to rain D. be going to rain【即学即用】There _______ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. is going to be B. will be going to C. will going to be D. will go to be【要点4】一般过去时1.构成：一般过去时其谓语动词使用动词过去式形式。

肯定式否定式疑问式一般动词I (You, He, She, We, They) worked there. I (You, He, She, We, They) did not work there. Did you (I, he, she, we, they) work there? be动词I (He, She, It) was there. We ( You, They) were there I (He, She, It) was not there. We (You, They) were not there. Was I (he, she, it) there? Were you (we, they) there? have动词I (You, He, She, We, They) had books. I (You, He, She, We, They) had not/ didn't have any books Had I (you, he, she, we, they) any books? 或Did I (you, he )have any books? 2.用法表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常用的时间状语有：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day（前几天）, just now, once upon a time, in+过去时间, in the old days, at that time/moment, a few days/ months/ weeks/ years ago等。

例如：He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了例题】I have been to Shanghai. I ________ there last month. A. go B. went C. goes D. go to 【即学即用】—"      Tom visit h。