中考英语 题型归纳与变式演练阅读理解之应用文（原卷版）.docx

中考英语阅读理解之应用文【题型解读】应用文的类型主要有：广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等中考英语中的应用文，命题特点显著，以搜寻直接信息为主，往往涵盖人物、事件、时间、地点、数字等的考查因此阅读时，应重点掌握寻读策略，带着问题有针对性地到文中快速寻找答案命题规律】细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who， what，when，where，why和how等提问间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论，此类试题在中考试题中占大多数抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础 命题方式 ：1.特殊疑问句形式以when，where，what.which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出问题2.填空题形式通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节题型和考查角度：1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。

2.中频考点：数字计算题； 3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题解题技巧】广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列考生在阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手：一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义细节理解题型：方法1：线索句定位法（直接信息题） 所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀 首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；其次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词/短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标句与试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案方法2：间接信息法第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换方法3：数字计算法第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落；第三步：进行推算，得出答案解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。

方法4：细节排除法第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序推理判断题：应用文的推理判断有几种：1.文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力2.逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目常以时间关系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力2024·陕西西安·三模）School Uniform Design (设计) Competition             ★Host:    The High School Affiliated to Shaanxi Normal University★Competitors:   All the students in the school can take part in the competition.★Time:   Collecting designs: April 3rd to 16th.   The results will come out a month after the collecting.★Prizes:    The first prize one: 1,000 yuan   The second prize two: 500 yuan   The third prize five: 200 yuan★How to join:    Send your design and your personal information at sdfz@.1．According to the poster, ________ can take part in the competition.A．teachers B．studentsC．parents D．officers2．The results of the competition will come out on ________.A．April 3rd B．April 16thC．May 3rd D．May 16th3．If you get 200 yuan in the competition, you probably win ________.A．the first prize B．the second prizeC．the third prize D．the fifth prize（2024·浙江台州·一模）Hey there, science-loving students! Don’t forget that today is the 7th annual National Science Reading Day!This September 20, kids from ages 3 to 17 are invited to spend one period of the day reading about science. These readings can be done either individually (个人的) or as a whole classroom. And students can read about science in many different ways. You can read:•a non-fiction book                •a science-fiction novel•a scientist’s biography            •a science magazineHow to enterEntering is simple! First, spend one period reading about science. Then visit our contest site: On the site, you’ll be asked to enter information about either yourself or your classroom. Then share either your reading list or photos of your reading. And you’re done!Great prizesIn total, there are about $2,500 worth of prizes to be won. These include:•Five individual prize packs of books and magazines worth $150•Five classroom prize packs of books and magazines worth $350Sounds great! So get out there and enjoy reading about science. We can’t wait to see your entries!4．Who is invited to join in the contest?A．A teacher aged 30. B．My 2-year-old sister.C．A group of five university students. D．Class 3 from a middle school.5．What is the correct order to enter the contest? a. Visit the contest site.b. Spend one period reading about science. c. Enter personal or classroom information.d. Share the reading list or photos of reading.A．a-b-c-d B．a-d-c-b C．b-a-c-d D．b-c-a-d6．What is the text?A．A diary. B．An ad. C．A news report. D．A book review.（2024·广西钦州·一模）Marie Curie—a great scientistName: Marie CurieDate of birth: 7 November, 1867Place of birth: Warsaw, PolandFamily: she was the youngest of five childrenParents: father was a science professor; mother was a music teacherHigh school: finished at the age of 16Work: worked as a teacherMoved to: Paris, France in 1891At university: studied Mathematics and PhysicsMarried to: Pierre Curie, a French scientist, in 1895Famous for: the discovery of radiumWon the Nobel Prize for: Physics in 1903Husband’s death: Pierre Curie died in a traffic accident in 1906Won the Nobel Prize for: Chemistry in 1911Date of death: July 1934, aged 67根据短文内容，选择正确答案，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。

7．When did Marie Curie finish high school?A．In 1883. B．In 1891. C．In 1895.8．How old was Marie Curie when she travelled to Paris?A．24. B．25. C．26.9．How many Nobel Prizes did Marie Curie get in her whole life?A．O。