碳纳米管聚苯胺复合材料的染料吸附和电化学性能研究.pdf

沈阳建筑大学 硕士学位论文 碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料的染料吸附和电化学性能研究 姓名：吴文栋 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：材料学 指导教师：曾尤 2011-03 IV Abstract 硕士研究生学位论文 摘 要 聚苯胺（PANI）具有良好的酸掺杂/碱脱掺杂特性、可逆的氧化还原特性和较好的环 境稳定性，与水中的染料之间存在较强的吸引力，可以有效地应用于污水中的染料吸附 但是，在应用过程中，PANI 的紧密堆积和比表面积低等因素使得其吸附效率较低，尤其 当染料溶液浓度较高时，PANI 的吸附效果显著下降，极大地限制了其在污水处理中的应 用效果因此，本文着眼于利用碳纳米管（CNTs）长径比高和比表面积大的优势，采用界 面聚合合成工艺，制备得到具有多层次孔结构的碳纳米管/聚苯胺（CNT/PANI）复合材料， 增大了 PANI与染料间的有效接触面积，显著提高了对染料的吸附容量和吸附效率 采用电子扫描电镜（SEM）和 X 射线衍射（XRD）表征 CNT/PANI复合物的微观形貌 和结构，观察到其具有显著的多层次孔隙结构，长径比高的 CNTs 发生缠绕和卷曲，构成 多孔的网络支撑骨架，而 PANI 包覆在 CNTs 表面形成多孔的复合材料。

我们进而测试了 CNT/PANI复合物对水中孔雀石绿（MG）染料的吸附性能实验结果表明，掺入 CNTs 显 著提高了 PANI复合物对 MG 的吸附容量和吸附效率，当 MG 初始浓度为 16mg/l时，其吸 附率提高了 15%这种高的吸附效率归因于复合物的多层次孔隙结构和高的比表面积同 时，我们观察到 MG 的初始浓度对吸附容量和吸附效率有较大影响，即随着初始浓度的增 大，其吸附量增加，但吸附率下降此外，通过对吸附动力学和吸附等温线理论分析，发 现 CNT/PANI复合材料的吸附过程较好地符合 Pseudo- second- order 模型，其等温吸附曲线 可以用 Langmuir 模型解释 另外，本文还探讨了动态界面聚合法合成的 CNT/PANI复合材料的电化学性能采用 三电极测试体系测试了复合材料的循环伏安、交流阻抗曲线结果表明复合材料的比容量 达 822.1F/g，比纯 PANI的比电容 743.7F/g提高 10.5%；并且，CNT/PANI复合物的电荷转 移阻抗降低，加速了 PANI发生氧化还原反应的进程，具有较好的超级电容器特征 综上所述，静态界面聚合法合成的 CNT/PANI复合物具有多层次孔隙结构，极大地提 高了对水中染料的吸附容量和吸附效率。

同时动态界面法合成的 CNT/PANI复合物具有较 好的电化学性能 从而界面法合成的碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合材料有望在污水吸附材料和超级 电容器电极材料等领域得到开发和应用 关键词：聚苯胺；碳纳米管；复合材料；包覆；吸附性能；循环伏安性；交流阻抗法 硕士研究生学位论文 Abstract V Abstract Polyaniline (PANI) exhibits good acid- doping/base- dedoping, reversible redox property, high environmental stability, and strong interactions with dyes in aqueous solution, revealing a great potential for the PANI to be utilized as absorbents in wastewater treatments. However, the dye adsorption efficiency of PANI is rather low due to the compact accumulations and low specific surface area, which greatly limits the application of PANI in wastewater retreatment. in this dissertation, our objective is to improve the dye Adsorption capacity of absorbents by introducing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into PANI matrix and forming a multi- scale porous structure of the CNT/PANI composites. The CNT/PANI composites were prepared by static interfacial polymerization and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X- ray diffraction (XRD). It is found that these composites showed multi- scale porous structures, where the entangled CNTs played a role of porous frameworks and the PANI was fully coated on the surface of CNTs, greatly increasing the specific surface area and dye Adsorption capacity of the composites. The adsorption of dye like Malachite Green (MG) on the CNT/PANI composites was investigated in details. The MG adsorption capacity and efficiency were greatly enhanced by incorporating CNTs into PANI matrix, which is mainly attributed to the porous structure and high specific surface area of the composites. The CNT/PANI composites exhibited higher MG Adsorption capacity than the neat PANI, increasing by increasing by 15% at the initial MG concentration of 16mg/l. in addition, we found the Adsorption capacity strongly depended on the initial dye concentration, and the dye Adsorption amount of composites was proportional to the dye concentration of solution. Moreover, the adsorption kinetics and isotherm process were also theoretically analyzed. It is found that the adsorption kinetics and the isothermal process can be well explained by using the Pseudo- second- order model and the Langmuir model, respectively. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of the CNT/PANI composites synthesized by dynamic interfacial polymerization were also investigated, and the cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance of the composites were measured by using a three- electrode system. The results showed that the specific capacity of the composites arrived to 822.1F/g, much higher than that of the neat PANI (743.7F/g). Furthermore, the AC impedance of CNT/PANI composites was reduced, which is beneficial to accelerate the redox process of PANI for obtaining high super- capacitor characteristics. In a summary, the CNT/PANI composites fabricated by static interfacial polymerization show multi- scale pore structure and high dye adsorption capacity and efficient removals of dyes from wastewater. Meanwhile, the CNT/PANI composites synthesized by dynamic interfacial VI Abstract 硕士研究生学位论文 polymerization exhibit good electrochemical characteristics. Consequently, the CNT/PANI composites have great potentials to be utilized as high- efficiency absorbents in wastewater treatment and super- capacitor electrode materials. Keywords: Polyaniline; Carbon Nanotubes; Composite Materials; Coating; Adsorption Properties; Cyclic Voltammetry; AC Impedance 声 明 本人声明，所呈交的学位论文是在导师的指导下独立完成的。

论文 中取得的研究成果除加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人已经发表 或撰写过的研究成果，也不包括本人为获得其它学位而使用过的材料 与我共同工作过的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确 的说明并表示谢意 作者签名： 日 期：2011.2 学位论文版权使用授权书 本学位论文作者和指导教师完全了解沈阳建筑大学有关保留、使用 学位论文的规定：即学校有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的 复印件和磁盘，允许论文被查阅和借阅本人授权沈阳建筑大学可以将 学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索、交流 （如作者和 导师同意论文交流，请在下方签名；否则视为不同意 ） 作者和导师同意网上交流的时间为作者获得学位后： 不限□ 半年□ 一年□ 一年半□ 两年□ 作者签名： 导师签名： 日 期：2011.2 日 期：2011.2 硕士研究生学位论文 第三章 CNT/PANI 的染料吸附性能研究 3 第一章 绪论 1.1 聚苯胺的概述 聚苯胺（Polyaniline，PANI）的发现可以追溯到 160 多。