谓语的重点考点复习讲义 高三英语一轮复习.docx

谓语（时态，语态，主谓一致）考点一：动词的时态(过去将来完成时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时这三个时态不用)现在时过去式将来时过去将来时一般时do/doesdidshall/will doshould/would do进行时am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doingshould/would be doing完成时have/has donehad doneshall/will have doneshould/would have done完成进行时have/has been doinghad been doingshall/will have been doingshould/would have been doing1. 一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示：经常或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语或副词（always，often，usually，three times a day...）连用②表示：客观真理，科学事实，自然现象The sun sets in the west 太阳西下③在时间，条件状语从句中可用一般现在时表一般将来时：if的主将从现...I will write to her when/if I have time.（2） 一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性的动作或状态。

②时间，条件，让步状语从句中，主句使用了过去将来时，从句常是一般过去时（了解一下就OK）He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.③ be doing...when...“正在做……这时(突然)……”主句用过去进行时，从句用一般过去式：We were driving along a country lane when suddenly a cardrove past us.我们正沿着一条乡村车道行2. 进行时态(1) 现在进行时①表示动作正在进行或发生，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态②与always,often等频率副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩The girl is always talking aloud in public.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话③表示位置移动的动词（go，come，star，leave，arrive，begin，return...）可用进行时表将来时 I am leaving for Beijing next month. 我下个月要去北京(2) 过去进行时：过去某个时刻或者某段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

3) 将来进行时：将来某个时刻或者某段时间正在进行的动作3. 完成时态(1) 现在完成时①表示一个动作从过去开始发生，一直持续到现在，并对现在产生影响常见的时间状语（lately，recently，in the last（past）few days/years,since then,up to now ,so far,yet，at present,for+一段时间，since+点时间...)②It is/has been +时间段+since...“自从...以来已经...”主句用现在完成时/一般现在时，从句用一般过去式It is five years since I last smoked．我戒烟已有五年的时间了It has been a while since the last time I saw you.有好一阵子没见你了③在“最高级+名词”或“It/This is +the+序数词+time”This is the best/first time ( that )I have been here.！！！如果is变为was，那么现在完成变为过去完成This was the best/first time ( that )I had been here.(2) 过去完成时①表示：过去的过去②hope,expect,mean,intend,want,suppose的过去完成时表示过去曾未实现的愿望或意图。

I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.我本希望在上海多看看（未实现）③在hardly/scarcely/barely...when...和no sooner...than....其中when和than引导的从句用一般过去式，主句用过去完成时，且倒装（句首），表示刚刚...就...Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下3) 现在完成进行时①表示动作从过去发生到现在并且还会继续发生下去②表示一个近期内一直重复发生，反复进行的动作③常与all the time,recently,since和for...引导的状语从句连用He has been writing articles to the newspaper since he became a teacher.4. 将来时态（1） 一般将来时① will/shall+动词原形表示将来某一时刻的动作和状态，单纯的表示将来事实② 常用结构1.I expect/think/wonder,I am sure+宾语从句中 ：Don’t worry.I am sure that you will pass.2.用于祈使句+and/or+陈述句（一般将来）Please eat more fruit and you will build you up.Please don’t smoke more or you will hurt your lungs.3. 表示时间或者条件的状语从句连用，如if的主将从现：If you ask him,he will help you.4. be going to do sth.表示计划，打算，预兆做...5. be to do按计划，安排，职责/义务/规定做...6. be about to do sth 即将发生...不与具体的时间状语从句连用（2） 过去将来时考点二：动词的语态1.被动语态的构成现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般时Is/am/are doneWas/were done Will/shall be doneWould/should be done进行时Is/am/are/being done Was/were being doneWill/shall be being doneWould/should be being done完成时Have/has been doneHad been done Will/shall have been done Would/should have been done2. 主动形式表示被动的意义①系动词：be,become，look,sound,feel(摸起来)，smell,taste...+形容词/名词（表语）:构成主系表结构!!!Prove to be +n/adjThe steel feels cold.②动词need,require,want,deserve,be worth+doingMy watch can’t work;it needs repairing.③某些不及物动词：read,write,draw,wash,clean,cook,sell...与well，easily,quickly...表示主语属性的副词连用时The book sells very well.④不及物动词没有被动语态：happen⑤be to blame（被谴责）/be to rent（被租）⑥be.+adj.+to do（固）We are proud to be young people of China.⑦当被修饰词是表示将来的抽象意义名词（ability,capability,dream,goal,chance,idea,way,opportunity,plan）用不定式：to do做后置定语（固）She got a chance to study abroad.⑧当open,close,shut,lock,move与can’t/won’t连用：表示主语属性时考点三：主谓一致1. 概念：谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致，意义一致，就近原则2. 语法一致（1） 动词ing开头，动词不定式，从句，不定代词做主语时，谓语动词常用单数Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.（2） 主语后面+介词短语/插入语，如with,together with,as well as,like,but,except,rather than,including,in addition to,谓语的词要与前面的主语保持一致Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.（3） 定语从句中关系代词做主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。

4） many a/more than one+单数名词做主语，谓语动词用单数！！！more +可数名词复数+than one,谓语是复数5） each,every,no所修饰的名词为主语时，不管and，谓语依旧单数Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday.（6） one of+可数名词复数+谓语单数（名词前可能还有形容词最高级）3. 意义一致①集合名词做主语时，若被看作为一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience,staff）The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.（这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成）The class are doing an experiment.（全班学生都在做实验）②分数/百分数/the majority/minority of+名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决of后面名词的数及表示的意义About one third of the books are worth reading.③all,some,half,most,the rest...等做主语时，谓语单复数取决于主语实际表达意义。

④the+形容词表示一类人在从句做主语，谓语用复数（the old,the young,the disable,the sick,the lost...）The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也被找到了⑤a quantity of+不可数名词，谓单；+可数名词，谓复quantities of 不论可不可数 谓复（固）⑥a number of“许多的”+名词复数，谓复；the numbe。