英语语法-时态-语态-从句大全.doc

英语语法：句型时态一、 一般目前时： 1.概念：常常、反复发生的动作或行为及目前的某种状况 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本构造：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 4.否认形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同步还原行为动词 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同步，还原行为动词 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、常常性的动作、行为 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本构造：be动词；行为动词 4.否认形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同步还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同步还原行为动词 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. 三、 目迈进行时： 1.概念：表达现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本构造：am/is/are+doing 4.否认形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时： 1.概念：表达过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等 3.基本构造：was/were+doing 4.否认形式：was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首 6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 目前完毕时： 1.概念：过去发生或已经完毕的动作对目前导致的影响或成果，或从过去已经开始，持续到目前的动作或状态。

2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本构造：have/has + done 4.否认形式：have/has + not +d one. 5.一般疑问句：have或has 6.例句：I've written an article. It has been raining these days. 六、 过去完毕时： 1.概念：以过去某个时间为原则，在此此前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完毕的行为，即“过去的过去” 2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc. 3.基本构造：had + done. 4.否认形式：had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首 6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时： 1.概念：表达将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、筹划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本构造：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 4.否认形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didn't，同步还原行为动词 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首 6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时： 1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中 2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc. 3.基本构造：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 4.否认形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there . 几种常用时态的互相转换 英语中的几种时态在一定状况下可以互相转换，如下是几种常用的转换形式： 1、 一般过去时与目前完毕时的转换 在目前完毕时中，延续性动词能与表达一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能但是，可用别的体现方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相相应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表达“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来替代It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League. D. Two years has passed since he joined the League. 2、 一般目前时与目迈进行时的转换 在一般目前时中，at加上名词表达“处在某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。

此短语可与进行时态转换请看： Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 3、 目迈进行时与一般将来时的转换 在目迈进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表达将来的时间状语连用表达将要发生的动作如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： The train is leaving soon. The train will leave soon. 4、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”构造的转换 “be going to+动词原形”、表达打算、筹划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”构造在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall在口语中，所有人称都可以用will请看： We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 语态被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化体现出来的1肯定句：主语 + be + 过去分词 + （by ……）2否认句：主语 + be not + 过去分词 + （by ……）3一般疑问句：Be +主语 + 过去分词 + （by ……）?4特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be +主语 + 过去分词 + （by ……）？一般进行完毕目前AmIs + doneAreAmIs + being doneAreHas + been donehave过去Was + doneWereWas + being doneWereHad been done将来Shall + be doneWill过去将来Should + be doneWould5积极语态变被动Be动词的五种变化形式：原 形 be目前时 am ,is ,are 过去时 was , were目前分词 being过去分词 been原句：The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.被动：The window was broke by the naughty boy yesterday.a原积极句中的宾语the window变为主语b谓语动词break改为被动形式：be + 过去分词c原积极句中的主语放在介词by的背面。

其她成分不变6被动语态的几种类型a有一种宾语的句子的被动语态积极句 S（主）+V（谓）+ O（宾）被动句 S（原宾）+be +过去分词+by+ O（原主语之宾格形式）例句He wrote this poem yesterday.This poem was written by him yesterday.b有两个宾语的句子的被动语态积极句S（主）+V（谓）+ IO（间接宾）+DO（直接宾）被动句 S（原IO）+be +过去分词+原DO +by+ O（原主语之宾格形式） S（原DO）+be +过去分词+原IO +by+ O（原主语之宾格形式）例句I have asked Brown the question . Brown has been asked the question by me. The question has been asked (of) 。